Fundamentals of Grammar

1. Fundamentals of Grammar April 7, 2014

6. Homework Review 26-1 • Did you do ________on last week’s chemistry exam? • With the budget deadline approaching, our office________hardly had the time to handle routine correspondence. • Some flowers smell surprisingly________. • The customer complained that he had not been treated________. • Of all my relatives, Uncle Roberto is the ____________.

7. Homework Review 26-1 • When you answer the phone, speak____________________. • Who was__________upset about the loss? • To a novice skateboarder, even the basic ollie seems ________ challenging. • After checking how ___________I had been hurt, my sister dialed 911. • If the college’s web page had been updated more _________, students would have learned about the new course offerings.

8. Homework Review 26-2 Doctors recommend that to give skin the most fullest protection from ultraviolet rays, people should use plenty of sunscreen, limit sun exposure, and wear protective clothing. The commonest sunscreens today are known as “broad spectrum” because they block out both UVA and UVB rays. These lotions don’t feel any differently on the skin from the old UVA-only types, but they work best at preventing premature aging and cancer. Many sunscreens claim to be waterproof, but they won’t hardly provide adequate coverage after extended periods of swimming or perspiring. To protect good, even waterproof sunscreens should be reapplied liberal and often.

9. Homework Review 26-2 All areas of exposed skin, including ears, backs of hands, and tops of feet, need to be coated good to avoid burning or damage. Some people’s skin reacts bad to PABA, or para-aminobenzoic acid, so PABA-free (hypoallergenic) sunscreens are widely available. In addition to recommending sunscreen, doctors almost unanimously agree that people should stay out of the sun when rays are the most strongest—between 10am and 3pm—and should limit time in the sun. They also suggest that people wear long-sleeved shirts, broad-brimmed hats, and long pants whenever possible.

10. Homework Review 12-1 • More research is needed to effectively evaluate the risks posed by volcanoes in the Pacific Northwest. • Many students graduate from college with debt totaling more than fifty thousand dollars. • It is a myth that human beings use only 10 percent of their brains. • A coolhunter is a person who can find the next wave of fashion in the unnoticed corners of modern society. • Not all geese fly beyond Narragansett for the winter.

11. Homework Review 12-1 • The flood (nearly) displaced (nearly) half the city’s residents… • Most lions hunt at night for medium-sized prey… • Several recent studies have encouraged heart patients to watch their cholesterol levels more carefully. • The garden’s centerpiece is a huge sculpture called Walking in Place that was carved by three women. • The old Marlboro ads depicted a man smoking a cigarette on a horse.

12. Midterm II Contents: Sentence Revision Active versus Passive Dangling & Misplaced Modifiers Adjectives versus Adverbs Glossary of Terms

13. Choose Wise Wisely Spending way too much money on his old car, Fred's salary just wasn't enough. OR Spending way too much money on his old car, Fred soon found he'd used up his salary. To become a respected politician, one must administer campaign funds carefully.
OR To become a respected politician, campaign funds must be carefully administered. I like to listen to rock music doing my homework.
OR I like to listen to rock music while I do my homework. The soccer team only won four games in the last three years.
OR The soccer team won only four games in the last three years.

14. Choose Wise Wisely 
Without a plan for the weekend, we decided to take in a Saturday matinee.
OR Without a plan for the weekend, a Saturday matinee seemed a good idea at the time. 
The children were delighted by the monkeys swinging wildly through the trees.
OR Swinging wildly through the trees, the children were delighted by the monkeys.

15. Replacement… • Knowing that the area was prone to earthquakes, all the buildings were reinforced with additional steel and concrete. • (A) Knowing that the area was prone to earthquakes, • (B) Having known that the area was prone to earthquakes, • (C) Since the area was known to be prone to earthquakes, • (D) Since they knew that the area was prone to earthquakes, • (E) Being prone to earthquakes,

16. Replacement… • 1. Trying to keep her balance on the icy surface, the last competitor's ski-tip caught the pole and somersaulted into the soft snow. • A. the last competitor's ski-tip caught the pole and somersaulted into the soft snow. B. the ski-tip of the last competitor caught the pole and somersaulted in the soft snow. C. the last competitor caught the pole with the tip of her ski, and somersaulted into the soft snow. D. the last competitor caught the pole with her ski-tip, which made her somersault into the soft snow. E. the last competitor somersaulted into the soft snow when the tip of her ski was caught by the pole.

17. Replacement… • 2. The temperature dropped suddenly last night, which will mean that the shoots emerging from the soil will be killed by the frost. • A. which will mean that the shoots emerging from the soil will be killed by the frost. B. which will mean that the frost will kill the shoots emerging from the soil. C. and this will mean that the shoots emerging from the soil will be killed by the frost. D. and the resulting frost will kill the shoots that are emerging from the soil. E. and as a result, the shoots will be killed by the frost, emerging from the soil.

18. Replacement… • 3. The impostor eluded detection for so long because she conducted herself as though she were a licensed practitioner. • A. as though she were a licensed practitioner. B. as though she was a licensed practitioner. C. like she was a licensed practitioner. D. like as if she was a licensed practitioner. E. as if she was a practitioner with a license.

19. Replacement… • 4.Being abandoned by our friends is the cause of great sorrow for us. • A. Being abandoned by our friends is the cause of great sorrow for us. B. Our being abandoned by our friends is the cause of great sorrow. C. Being abandoned by our friends, we feel great sorrow. D. Abandoned by our friends, sorrow is the result. E. We feel great sorrow when our friends abandon us.

20. Replacement… • 5. Among the many reasons for his defeat in the election was his arrogant assumption that his constituents were incapable of understanding economic conditions, and his unwarranted attack on his chief opponent. • A. was his arrogant assumption that his constituents were incapable of understanding economic conditions B. were his arrogant assumption that his constituents were incapable of understanding economic conditions C. were his arrogant assumptions that his constituents were incapable of understanding economical conditions D. were his arrogant assumption that his constituents would be incapable of understanding economics E. was the arrogant assumption that his constituents was incapable of understanding economic conditions

21. Replacement… • 6. More and more holidaymakers are choosing to fly to remote islands in search of the perfect beach; seeking sand, sun and palm trees, rather than centers of entertainment. • A. ; seeking sand, sun and palm trees, rather than centers of entertainment. B. ; seeking sad, sun, palm trees and not entertainment. C. , with sand, sun, palm trees and no entertainment. D. , they seek sand, sun and palm trees, rather than entertainment centers. E. ; they seek sand, sun and palm trees, rather than centers of entertainment.

22. Replacement… • 7. The government requires that these forms should be submitted before the end of the financial year. • A. that these forms should be submitted B. that these forms be submitted C. for these forms to be submitted D. these forms submission E. these forms should be submitted

23. Replacement… • . After arduous months of fighting, the sight of the white flag being raised generated as much relief on the victor's side than it did on the vanquished. • A. as much relief on the victor's side than it did on the vanquished. B. as much relief among the victors as among the vanquished. C. as much relief on the victor's side as it did on the vanquished's. D. relief both on the victor's side as well as on the vanquished's. E. relief both for the victor and the vanquished side.

24. Replacement… • 9. The best way to encourage innovative thinking is not to promise financial rewards for ideas, but to ensure that the person making the suggestion receives recognition for his contribution. • A. but to ensure that the person making the suggestion receives recognition for his contribution. B. but to ensure that the person who makes the suggestion will be receiving recognition for his contribution. C. but rather by ensuring that the person making the suggestion receives recognition for his contribution. D. but rather ensure that suggestion-maker receives recognition for his contribution. E. but instead make sure that the suggestion-maker will receive recognition.

25. Replacement… • 10. It ought to be her with whom you share your secrets, not me. • A. her with whom you share your secrets, not me B. her with whom you share your secrets, not I. C. she with whom you share your secrets, not me. D. she with whom you share your secrets, not I. E. her with who you share your secrets, not me.

26. Revision Race Before the semester was over, the new nursing program had been approved by the Curriculum Committee and the Board of Trustees.

27. Revision Race With five seconds left in the game, an illegal time-out was called by one of the players.

28. Revision Race Later in the day, the employees were informed of their loss of benefits by the boss herself.

29. Revision Race The major points of the lesson were quickly learned by the class, but they were also quickly forgotten by them.

30. Revision Race An unexpected tornado smashed several homes and uprooted trees in a suburb of Knoxville.

31. Matters of Emphasis I was surprised by the teacher's lack of sympathy. "The Yellow Wallpaper" was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Participants in the survey were asked about their changes in political affiliation.

32. Who and Whom Kerry Ann, __________ hates spiders, wears bug-stomping boots wherever she goes. Professor Borglum glared at Reggie, __________ spent the entire class drawing space aliens in the margins of the lecture outline. Into the dark apartment walked David, __________ we nearly killed with surprise when everyone shouted "Happy Birthday" and jumped from behind the furniture.

33. Who and Whom In desperation, Belinda sought help from Professor White, __________ she knew preferred playing solitaire on his computer to assisting students during office hours. The doctor explained that Rex, __________ we had rushed to the veterinary clinic, would not die after eating eight bananas that he stole off the kitchen counter. Tim was too embarrassed to say anything to Deidre, __________ had sautéed spinach caught between two teeth.

34. Who and Whom Grandma bought Freddie, __________ wears black T-shirts exclusively, a button-down white oxford shirt and a navy blue blazer for Christmas. Grandma, __________ Freddie loves despite her bad taste in clothing, believes that a blue blazer is an essential component of a young man's wardrobe. __________ believes that Kyle will eat the tarantula fried in garlic and olive oil?

35. Who and Whom Kyle, __________ will take anyone's dare, no matter how outrageous, smacked his lips in anticipation of the fried tarantula. The game show host presented a trophy and a $500 check to Kyle, __________ Sara refused to give a congratulatory kiss. Oliver, __________ hates to cut the lawn, pushed the heavy mower through the tall grass rather than face a fine by the homeowners association.

36. Who and Whom With __________ will Scoobie attend the homecoming festivities, the handsome Jake or the nerdy William? We gave our crunchy apple cookies to Marilyn, __________ spit the first bite into a napkin and declared our new recipe "crapples.” Melissa searched the house for her little brother Morgan, __________ she found asleep on a pile of clean towels.

37. Selected examples compliments of Grammar Bytes at http://www.chompchomp.com

38. WE ONLY HAVE FIVE MORE CLASSES TOGETHER! By Friday, please send me a list of up to 3 (please no more than 3) things I can do/review to help facilitate your learning moving forward. I will do my best to address these.