ife agm and conference: fire engineering to improve sustainability of communities 21st 22nd july 2010, hotel russell,

1. IFE AGM and Conference: Fire Engineering to Improve Sustainability of Communities21st � 22nd July 2010, Hotel Russell, LondonCLG funded research Martin Shipp Technical Development Director, Fire Safety BRE Global

2. Contents About BRE CLG Project - The Environmental Impact of Fire versus the Environmental Impact of Fire Protection BREEAM Fire investigation for CLG Existing technologies that have environmental implications in a fire New sustainable/environmentally friendly technologies that have fire safety implications Conclusions

3. About BRE Introduce yourself History of BRE - What and who is BRE? We are an independent research, consultancy and testing company. Every day 650 research scientists, engineers, architects, surveyors, psychologists, administrators, managers and many others work at one of our sites work together to advise clients on: Construction - engineering, materials science and process management to provide solutions for all aspects of construction from design to end of life � a section of a sports stadium was recently built on site. Volunteers jumped up and down on it to test its strength. Environment - creating sustainable indoor and outdoor buildings, that are comfortable, productive, safe and healthy. And energy efficiency in buildings - providing techniques and technologies for the effective management of energy and the integration of new and renewable energy systems in buildings. BRE staff were asked to assess the environment of the Big Brother House to ensure it was suitable for participants. Fire and risk in the built environment - solutions for fire safety. Currently Prison Cell built in the burn hall � prisoners often set fire to their cells to escape. Our mission is �Building a Better World�Introduce yourself History of BRE - What and who is BRE? We are an independent research, consultancy and testing company. Every day 650 research scientists, engineers, architects, surveyors, psychologists, administrators, managers and many others work at one of our sites work together to advise clients on: Construction - engineering, materials science and process management to provide solutions for all aspects of construction from design to end of life � a section of a sports stadium was recently built on site. Volunteers jumped up and down on it to test its strength. Environment - creating sustainable indoor and outdoor buildings, that are comfortable, productive, safe and healthy. And energy efficiency in buildings - providing techniques and technologies for the effective management of energy and the integration of new and renewable energy systems in buildings. BRE staff were asked to assess the environment of the Big Brother House to ensure it was suitable for participants. Fire and risk in the built environment - solutions for fire safety. Currently Prison Cell built in the burn hall � prisoners often set fire to their cells to escape. Our mission is �Building a Better World�






9. BRE services BRE BRE Innovation Park - �Green� housing Construction - methods, materials etc. Acoustics, thermal properties, durability Weathertightness Wind-loading Structural performance and integrity BRE Global Physical security Electronic security Passive fire protection Fire detection Fire suppression Construction products Installation, service and maintenance Environmental profiles; BREEAM Inspection services Quality systems evaluation Environmental management H & S management

10. BRE Group structure

11. CLG Project The Environmental Impact of Fire versus the Environmental Impact of Fire Protection

12. Building Act 1984

13. Sustainable and Secure Buildings Act 2004

14. The Environmental Impact of Fire versus the Environmental Impact of Fire Protection Commissioned by Communities and Local Government, Sustainable Buildings Division (UK Building Regulations) One year scoping study, completion August 2009 Aim to examine the issues surrounding the environmental impact of fire and the environmental impact of fire protection. Work involved: identify issues and collect relevant information review and identify the potential impacts Consider specification for cost benefit tool for assessing impacts Consider inclusion of fire safety in environmental/sustainability tools Identify implications for UK Building Regulations and potential areas for further work Produce report

15. Programme of research The environmental impact of fire A review of gases released into the atmosphere from a fire and the methods used to estimate the quantities of these A review of solid particulates from fires A review of the origin and quantity of water used by fixed fire suppression systems A review of the origin and quantity of water used for fire service fire-fighting activities A review of contaminants caused by fire-fighting run off

16. Programme of research The environmental impact of fire protection systems Detailed identification of the materials used within fire protection systems Life Cycle Analysis of the data relating to the materials used within fire protection systems A review of the data relating to operational impacts of fire protection systems A review of the environmental damage caused by flame retardants

17. Programme of research Building stock survey and other statistical data Estimate of fire size, extent of damage for all fires in the UK by purpose group Fire load survey Environmental load survey for buildings for contents Property survey of all buildings in the UK

18. The Environmental Impact of Fire versus the Environmental Impact of Fire Protection
























42. Findings - 1 Environmental impact assessment detailed design tools could be used to model environmental impact of fire scenarios and fire protection systems. But input data needed. Some data/information on all of effluents (gas, liquid, solid products) produced in fires. However, large gaps and suitability of available data as input data to environmental impact models to be determined.

43. Findings - 2 �Cost� of embodied energy and other impacts for manufacturing and use of components of fire protection systems could be determined using existing detailed environmental design tools. Relevant input data needs to be collected and reviewed. Each fire protection system will have different environmental impacts but need to be assessed using Life Cycle Assessment for individual systems. Current BRE Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) model needs to be extended to include impact of a building fire on environment and environmental impact of providing fire safety components and systems in buildings. New input data and monetary conversion factors required.

44. Findings - 3 Insufficient data available on UK building stock, e.g. number of buildings in each purpose group; further work needed to extend CBA tool to broader range of AD B purpose groups. Most environmental building level tools cover environmental rather than social issues. Further research needed to introduce social issues relevant to fire safety into tools.

45. Findings - 4 Impacts associated with fire and fire protection could be included within environmental building level tools. However, need to obtain and evaluate: Significance of providing fire protection and safety systems and differences between different approaches. Benefit of providing additional fire protection beyond regulation. Significance of fire events in terms of emissions from fire and replacement materials. Including environmental data within existing fire tools may be an alternative; data gathering required.

46. Findings - 5 Substantial amount of further research is needed to resolve these issues. It follows that it cannot yet be proven that any particular fire protection or fire prevention measure � considered over whole building stock � has net environmental benefit.

47. Findings - 6 But, clearly, any fire protection measure introduced for life safety or property protection will also give an environmental benefit � as bonus. It should be noted that scoping study does not include consideration of the assessment of innovative materials used in meeting sustainability agenda and their potential fire performance. Full scoping study report to be published by CLG.

48. The world�s leading rating tool for sustainable buildings and communities 200,000 buildings certified, over 1 million registered Over 5 million tonnes of carbon saved Reduced environmental impacts Improved functionality, flexibility and durability Higher user satisfaction Demonstrate improved performance (design & operation)

50. helps reduce environmental impact and running costs of existing buildings covers the Asset, Building Management and Organisational Effectiveness helps building managers reduce the running costs and improve the environmental performance of existing buildings. is a standard, an easy-to-use�assessment methodology and a 3rd party certification process provideing a clear and credible route map to improving sustainability. sits alongside the well established BREEAM schemes for assessing the environmental performance of buildings at the design and construction stages. all those involved in occupying, procuring or managing existing buildings can now evaluate - and improve - the performance of their property assets and the quality of their management regimes. BREEAM In-Use

51. BREEAM In-Use: fire

52. Fire investigation for CLG Communities and Local Government Sustainable Buildings Division has commissioned a project titled �Investigation of Real Fires 2009�. Contract has a duration of approximately 31 months: from 4th January 2010 to 31st July 2012. Specific objectives are to monitor and provide timely feedback to CLG from fire incidents on the following issues; The effectiveness of Part B of the Building Regulations and the guidance in Approved Document B (AD B) in achieving its fire safety objectives, with particular consideration of the impact of the 2006 revisions. Compliance with Part B of the Building Regulations and its associated guidance and standards and how this affects fire safety in practice where fires have occurred. The impact of British and European Standards on building products and systems. The impact of new designs and new methods of construction, and the use of innovative or unusual materials. The role and use of Fire Safety Engineering approaches and other means of meeting the Building Regulation requirements. To monitor the impact of the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 on fire safety in buildings and particularly the interface with Part B.

53. Fire investigation for CLG Communities and Local Government Sustainable Buildings Division has commissioned a project titled �Investigation of Real Fires 2009�. Contract has a duration of approximately 31 months: from 4th January 2010 to 31st July 2012. Specific objectives are to monitor and provide timely feedback to CLG from fire incidents on the following issues; The effectiveness of Part B of the Building Regulations and the guidance in Approved Document B (AD B) in achieving its fire safety objectives, with particular consideration of the impact of the 2006 revisions. Compliance with Part B of the Building Regulations and its associated guidance and standards and how this affects fire safety in practice where fires have occurred. The impact of British and European Standards on building products and systems. The impact of new designs and new methods of construction, and the use of innovative or unusual materials. The role and use of Fire Safety Engineering approaches and other means of meeting the Building Regulation requirements. To monitor the impact of the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 on fire safety in buildings and particularly the interface with Part B.

54. Issues identified Existing technologies that have environmental implications in a fire New sustainable/environmentally friendly technologies that may have fire safety implications

55. Existing technology that have environmental implications in a fire Fire retardants Wildfire Firefighting foams Coalmines fires Release of soot Release of toxic material � asbestos, dioxins etc

56. Fire retardants The fire performance of many materials and products is dependent on the use of fire retardants These include insulation materials, pipes, cables, protective coatings, and tensile fabrics (stretch-skin protective skins), as well as household goods (such as television sets), household fabrics, furnishings and some construction materials, such as timber The fire retardant industry global market is estimated to be worth $3billion The industry is under very close legislative scrutiny and faces significant challenges to meet European and other legislative requirements to remove certain chemicals and reduce their environmental impact Fire retardants currently attract significant interest in terms of their polluting potential There is evidence to show that they are finding their way into the food chain in significant quantities Hence, they potentially have a significant impact on the environment The BRE Trust is funding a project titled �Fire retardants � a balancing act� - part of the BRE Trust Thematic Research Programme on Low Impact Processes, Materials and Products (LIPMP).

57. Wildfire

58. Fire fighting foams Foam Environmental Properties Oil Emulsification Acute and chronic toxicity and aquatic Toxicity Oxygen Demand and Biodegradation Biodegradation Persistence (especially of fluorosurfactants) Bio-accumulation potential.

59. Coal mines

60. New sustainable/environmentally friendly technologies that have fire safety implications

61. Modular construction

62. Timber frame

63. Timber � TF2000 TF2000 project was a Partners in Innovation project involving TRADA, BRE, TFIA and a large project stakeholder group The primary output from the project was a publication "Multi-storey timber-frame buildings - a design guide (BR 454)� BR454 provides design guidance on how timber-frame can be properly built based on the outcomes from the research Quality of workmanship is vitally important in relation to the success of fire safety provision The correct location of cavity barriers and fire stopping is important to maintain the integrity of the structure wherever the cavity of the building provides a medium for fire spread

64. SIPS

65. Engineered joists

66. MMC Guides by BRE

67. Innovative ConstructionProducts and Techniques

68. Innovative ConstructionProducts and Techniques

69. LPS 1501 The primary objective of LPS 1501 is to provide insurers, fire service and regulatory authorities with evidence that innovative building systems can maintain acceptable levels of fire performance in the event of a fire. has been developed by BRE Global to enable LPCB certification of innovative building systems in different building types, such as offices, hotels and schools addresses concerns of key industry stakeholders including insurers and the fire service. provides a means of assessing performance for novel forms of building systems that do not have a proven track record in relation to performance in fire. covers different building types by defining alternative nominal fire loads and floor loading, dependent on the intended use.

70. Cladding systems

71. Cladding systems

72. Natural insulation

73. Phase change materials Phase change materials (PCMs) may be used to reduce the energy consumption of any building PCMs offer a solution for improving the thermal performance and comfort of the low thermal mass buildings currently being constructed using modern materials and techniques Also provide a simple and cost effective solution for improving thermal properties when renovating existing housing stock PCMs come in different physical forms, from wax sheets to inorganic powders, and with different transition temperatures PCMs are now becoming available in different building products e.g. gypsum wall boards, concrete blocks, paints. The BRE Trust is funding a project titled �Phase Change Materials� - part of the BRE Trust Thematic Research Programme on Low Impact Processes, Materials and Products (LIPMP).

74. Green walls

75. Green walls

76. Energy saver light bulbs

77. Conclusions We need to consider the environmental impact of fire We need to consider the environmental impact of fire protection systems We need to ensure that the innovations in designs, products and materials that are supporting more sustainable and environmentally friendly buildings do not introduce unexpected fire risks We need to ensure that the fire issues are dealt with logically and professionally and not subject to simple commercial pressures So it is time for the wider fire safety community to engage fully with the sustainability agenda

78. Thank you Martin Shipp, Technical Development Director, Fire Safety BRE Global T:� +44 (0) 1923 664960 E:� shippm@bre.co.uk F:� +44 (0) 1923 664910 W:� www.bre.co.uk/fire BRE, Garston, Watford WD25 9XX, UK

79. Postscript - Understanding the fire safety implications from modern methods of construction and innovative building products Concerns: Designers and fire safety engineers Approvers � building control bodies and fire safety officers Contractors and installers Users � the �responsible person� and other users Inspectors � fire safety officers and fire risk assessors Maintenance engineers Fire fighters Fire investigators

80. The buildings

81. Proposed IFE/BRE workshop At BRE, Garston, Watford �14th October 2010 Opportunity to hear about modern methods of construction and innovative building products Opportunity to see modern methods of construction and innovative building products in real buildings Discuss fire safety implications Information will be made available soon Expressions of interest welcomed

82. Thank you � finally! Martin Shipp, Technical Development Director, Fire Safety BRE Global T:� +44 (0) 1923 664960 E:� shippm@bre.co.uk F:� +44 (0) 1923 664910 W:� www.bre.co.uk/fire BRE, Garston, Watford WD25 9XX, UK

ife agm and conference: fire engineering to improve sustainability of communities 21st 22nd july 2010, hotel russell,

ife agm and conference: fire engineering to improve sustainability of communities 21st 22nd july 2010, hotel russell,

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