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TOK: Reason & Emotion in the New Curriculum

TOK: Reason & Emotion in the New Curriculum. (and the old!). Carolyn P. Henly Henrico High School IBA Regional Conference Cancun, Mexico July 14, 2012. Where to get the PPT, HO’s, and Resources. Disclaimer .

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TOK: Reason & Emotion in the New Curriculum

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  1. TOK: Reason & Emotion in the New Curriculum (and the old!) Carolyn P. Henly Henrico High School IBA Regional Conference Cancun, Mexico July 14, 2012

  2. Where to get the PPT, HO’s, and Resources

  3. Disclaimer Although I did serve on the TOK Curriculum Revision Committee, my presentation today is the result of my personal experience as a TOK teacher. I am not here in any official capacity, and I do not speak for the International Baccalaureate Organization. The strategies I suggest here are strategies which I have found to be effective with my own students; they have not been vetted by anyone from the IBO. Any errors in this talk or in the supporting materials are the result of my personal misunderstanding.

  4. Why TOK? "Perhaps most important is that it's the way that we discover new knowledge. But for me the most important, by far, is that it's the only philosophical construct we have to determine truth with any degree of reliability. Think about that. Because then it becomes a much bigger subject. In fact, for me, perhaps the most important subject there is. And the ethical purpose of education must involve teaching children how they can decide what they're being told is actually true. And that's not the case in general. The teaching of a skeptical, evidence-based assessment of all claims--all claims--without exception is fundamentally an intellectual integrity issue. Without evidence, anything goes. Think about it.” --Harold Kroto, Nobel Prize Chemistry, 1996 And the ethical purpose of education must involve teaching children how they can decide what they're being told is actually true. http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=nobelist-kroto-whats-the-evidence-f-11-06-28

  5. History Why does this topic matter?

  6. The TOK Diagram

  7. One Student Version http://files.campus.edublogs.org/blogs.yis.ac.jp/dist/a/358/files/2011/09/Picture-21-u48z77.png

  8. A Reasonable Inference?

  9. Achieving Balance http://www.getthebigpicture.net/storage/dvd/oz70_a_crop.jpg

  10. Possibilities Knowers Knower Ethics Mathematics Natural Sciences Human Sciences History The Arts Emotion Reason Language Sense Perception Knower(s)

  11. Personal knowledge "I know because..." Shared knowledge "We know because..." One of the New Diagrams--DRAFT

  12. Personal & Shared Knowledge Personal knowledge “I know because…” Person 1 Only experience with butterflies is from seeing them flying around the yard and reading about them in story books. Shared knowledge “We know because…” Person 2 University student; taken numerous biology classes, including some introductory courses in Entomology. Sponsors annual NABA count. Person 3 Professional Entomologist Person 4 Amateur with a passion for lepidoptera. Participates in the annual NABA Butterfly Count; keeps records of sightings; takes photographs; member professional organization.

  13. Personal knowledge "I know because..." Ways of Knowing Shared knowledge "We know because..." Where are the WofK?

  14. Some Models for the Relationship between Emotion & Reason

  15. Plato’s Model of Emotions Emotion Reason Animal Appetites

  16. Disney: War-Time Propaganda

  17. Nobody Likes… • http://processspecialist.com/increasesales/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/FunnyCustomerServiceCartoonIVR.gif

  18. The Monty Hall Problem • There are three doors. • Behind one door, there is a $1,000,000 prize! • Behind the other two doors, there are goats.

  19. What door do you choose? Say you choose #3...

  20. Then…the host reveals: the GOAT behind Door #1

  21. AND…he offers you a choice: You can KEEP the door you chose, or you can TRADE for Door #2

  22. What door do you choose?

  23. You should always…. SWITCH DOORS Why?

  24. Because your chance with the new door is NOT: 50-50

  25. Once you choose a door… You have a 1/3 chance, which means you DON'T have 2/3 chance.

  26. If you keep the original door… You have a 2/3 chance of getting a goat

  27. If you switch to the new door… You have a 2/3 chance of getting the money

  28. Opening one door… Does NOT shift the odds.

  29. For more information… • http://math.ucsd.edu/~crypto/Monty/montybg.html (Discussion with technical analysis) • http://www.open2.net/sciencetechnologynature/maths/montyhallproblem.html (History of the problem with story of Marilyn vos Savant articles) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_djTy3G0pg (video with compelling visual demonstration) • http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/08/science/08monty.html (Interactive game to help understand the Monty Hall Problem) • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_hall_problem (This is ONE page in Wikipedia which is accurate and helpful)

  30. Being Wrong

  31. William James’ Model “What kind of emotion of fear would be left if the feeling neither of quickened heart-beats nor of shallow breathing, neither of trembling lips nor of weakened limbs, neither of goose-flesh or of visceral stirrings were present…?” William James 1884 (quoted in David Franks: Neuropsychology)

  32. What is an Emotion? FEELINGs FEAR EMOTION HELP!!!! • Blood vessels constrict • Adrenaline rises • Breathing gets shallow • Pulse races

  33. The James Model Frontal Cortex Emotions Brain Stem Feelings

  34. The Damasio Model Emotions Frontal Cortex Brain Stem Feelings! Emotions

  35. Unconscious Automatic Primary Emotions

  36. Jamesian Mechanism Primary Emotions

  37. SecondaryEmotions

  38. Conscious Processing Unconscious Processing

  39. What is Intuition? THINKING Conscious Unconscious INTUITION

  40. Student Activity • Now: imagine that Emotion is not available to you as a mechanism for knowing. • Which cereal would you buy? • Justify your choice? • Which ways of knowing contributed to your knowledge? • You’re in the grocery store, faced with all the cereal options Which one do you buy? • Justify your choice. • Which ways of knowing did you employ in coming to your decision?

  41. Radio Lab: “Choice”

  42. When Emotion Trumps Reason http://www.kartoen.be/cartoons/happysad/reasons.gif

  43. Case Study: Andrew Wiles

  44. Other Ideas in the Film: Role of reason Mechanisms for detecting and eradicating error: peer review, public testing, verification of truth of premises, verification of validity of logic Interaction of individual learner and group learner (personal knowledge and shared knowledge) Importance of managing the potential negative effects of emotion Endurance of a mathematical problem (requirement for absolute certainty)

  45. Student Activity • Mathematics: • Drama • Wonder • Imagination • Passion • Beauty • Excitement • Dreams • History: • Drama • Wonder • Imagination • Passion • Beauty • Excitement • Dreams • Natural Science: • Drama • Wonder • Imagination • Passion • Beauty • Excitement • Dreams • Human Science: • Drama • Wonder • Imagination • Passion • Beauty • Excitement • Dreams • Ethics: • Drama • Wonder • Imagination • Passion • Beauty • Excitement • Dreams • The Arts: • Drama • Wonder • Imagination • Passion • Beauty • Excitement • Dreams

  46. Student Activity • Rank the areas of knowledge in order from the one which relies the least on emotion to help make knowledge to the one which relies on emotion the most to help make knowledge. LEAST MOST

  47. Case Study: Blink

  48. A Time for Everything… http://wheresthesausage.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341c5f1b53ef00e55365d3138834-500p i

  49. Take Away Points: • Students need to understand that none of the Ways of Knowing operate in isolation, and that all the Ways of Knowing help us make knowledge; none is a hindrance only. • Students need to understand from their study of Shared Knowledge that they are not victims of the limitations of the ways of knowing. “And the ethical purpose of education must involve teaching children how they can decide what they're being told is actually true.”

  50. Image Sources: Andrew Wiles: http://simonsingh.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/wiles3.jpg Animation of man running: http://animations1.tripod.com/people/walking_index.html Bear in Zoo: http://www.palestinemonitor.org/spip/spip.php?article298 Choices Image: http://www.funderstanding.com/wp-content/upload/Choices.jpg Eagle Call: http://soundbible.com/604-Bald-Eagle-Call.html Eagle Silhouette: http://www.signspecialist.com/decals/beevault/images/Animals%20Insects%20Fish%20004-0931.gif Getty Kouros: https://people.creighton.edu/~ees33175/Aesthetics_course_website/Aesth_images/Ancient-Greece/Kouros-Getty-detail.jpg

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