Exploring the Positive Emotions of Gratitude, Pride, and Happiness

1. Exploring the Positive Emotions of Gratitude, Pride, and Happiness Aga Grzeszczak Mentors: Drs. Leslie Kirby & Craig Smith

2. Introduction • Emotion research • Positive emotions • Broaden and Build • Nonspecific action tendencies, thought action tendencies, broaden perspective, build resources, undoing effect • Gratitude • Pride • Happiness

3. Questions for Study • Specific emotion experience • Appraisal Questions • Self versus other responsibility • Positive and negative aspects • Emotivational Goals and Behavioral Responses • Competitiveness • Obligation • Creativity • Celebration • Other Emotions • Guilt • Regret • Frustration • Challenge • Disappointment

4. Expectations • Broaden and Build • Pride and Happiness versus Gratitude • Appraisals • Gratitude • Other responsibility, higher associations with negative aspects • Happiness • Other responsibility, high positive aspects • Pride • Self responsibility, high positive aspects

5. Expectations • Emotivational Goals and Behavioral Responses • Gratitude • Obligation • Happiness • Celebration, creativity • Pride • Celebration, competitiveness • Other Emotions • Gratitude • Guilt, regret, frustration, disappointment • Pride • challenge

6. Pilot Study • Open-ended questionnaire • Description of situation • Why did they feel this specific emotion in this situation? • What did they want to do in this situation? • What did they actually do in this situation? • How, if at all, did this situation end-or how was it resolved? • Results • LIWC • Subjective analysis

7. Linguistic Inquiry Word Count Results

8. Method • 63 participants in a three-cell, two-part between subjects design • Past experiences questionnaire • Gratitude, pride, happiness • Dispositional questionnaire • Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test and Gratitude Questionnaire-6 • Subjective Happiness Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale • Dispositional Pride Scale and Trait Pride Scale • Intrinsic/Extrinsic Revised Orientation Scale and Spiritual Transcendence Scale

9. Measures • Qualitative ratings • Open ended questions • LIWC • Discrepancy • Self-reports • Emotivational goals, behavioral responses, appraisals, other associated emotions • ANOVA

10. Results: Manipulation Checks

11. Results: Appraisals: Responsibility

12. Results: Appraisals: Positive and Negative Aspects

13. Results: Emotivational Goal and Behavioral Response for Competitiveness Wanted to compete Actually competed

14. Results: Other Emotions

15. Results: LIWC: Self and Other-Directed Words

16. Results: LIWC: Occupation and School-Related

17. Conclusions • Key findings • Gratitude • Other-responsibility • Negative aspects • Indebtedness, obligation, frustration, guilt, resignation • Pride • Self-responsibility • Competitiveness • Happiness • Positive aspects • Emotivational goals • Creativity and openness • Disposition and Religion

18. Limitations and Future Directions • Limitations • Generalizability • Self-reports • Zoomerang • Future directions • Experiment • Gender and diversity

19. Acknowledgements Thank you: Dr. Leslie Kirby Dr. Craig Smith Smith/Kirby lab group