The Renaissance Period (England 1485-1660)

1. The Renaissance Period(England 1485-1660)

2. The RenaissanceRediscovering Ancient Greece and Rome • Renaissance / • _________________________________________ • _________________________________________ • _________________________________________ • _________________________________________ • (Renewed interest in the literature of ancient Rome and Greece) “rebirth” Refers to the renewal of curiosity and creativity • People’s values • Beliefs • Behavior

3. The RenaissanceRediscovering Ancient Greece and Rome • Renewal of Human Spirit • “Renaissance person” • Well rounded interests, such as • ___________ • __________ • _______(and other fine arts)____ • ___________ • ___________ • ___________ • __________________________________ Athletics Literature • Music Inventor Science Languages, etc. The Church is still rich and powerful.

4. It All Began in Italy: A Flourish of Genius • ______________________ was responsible for financing many intellectual and artistic endeavors. • A few Italian geniuses • ___________________________________ • ___________________________________ • ___________________________________ • ___________________________________ • ___________________________________ The Roman Catholic Church • Boccaccio/Author of The Decameron • DaVinci/The perfect “Renaissance Man” Galileo/Scientist • Michelangelo/Artist Columbus/An explorer

5. Humanism: Questions About the Good Life Humanism • _________ was an intellectual movement which • Used the classics combined with traditional Christian thought – _________________________________________ ________. • Taught people how to live and rule by answering the question “how do we achieve happiness”; which is through ____________ • Humanism has a VERY OPTIMISTIC VIEW of human potential – that people are capable of perfect-ability (striving to become perfect) tried to harmonize Bible with classics i.e. Greek and Latin. • a life of virtue.

6. The New Technology: A Flood of Print Printing Press The _____________ was created in about 1455 by Johann Gutenberg, and transformed the way information was exchanged. • The first book printed… • ______________________ • Helped spread knowledge • Made books more available to more people • (REVOLUTIONIZED THE WORLD) • ______________ • Created the English Printing Press (set up) in 1476 • The Latin Bible William Caxton

7. Two Friends – Two Humanists • Two prominent humanists are • ____________________________ • Dutch Monk---loved to travel---wrote in Latin • Belonged to all of Europe---because of travels • On a trip to England • Taught Greek at Cambridge • Met and became friends with a young lawyer… • _________________________________ • __________________________________ • __________________________________ (Both men wrote in several languages, including English) • Desiderius Erasmus (1466?-1536) • Sir Thomas More (1477?-1535) • He wrote poems, pamphlets However, Utopia had the greatest impact.

8. The Reformation: Breaking with the Church • A common feature common to all Reformers was ___________________________________________ _________ • In Germany __________________________________ • _______________________________________________ • This action against the Church is a historic event. The rejection of authority of the Pope and the Italian churchman. , Martin Luther – 1517 – pinned his thesis statements (95 issues) to the door of the church. He wanted a New Christianity where • People should have personal understanding of the Bible rather than depend solely on the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.

9. The Reformation: Breaking with the Church continued … • There were three circumstances that led to England’s break with the Church. • ____________________________ • ____________________________ • ____________________________ Financial burdens. Patriotism. National Identity.

10. King Henry VIII Versus Pope: All for an Heir • King Henry VIII wanted to end his marriage with Catherine of Aragon because • _________________________ • _________________________ • King Henry VIII wanted to break with the Catholic Church ____________________________ ___________________________________________ • King Henry VIII executed Sir Thomas More ___________________________________________ She was unable to give King Henry a son. He wanted to marry Anne Boleyn. because he wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon. because More did not recognize King Henry VIII as head of the church. More believed that church and state should be separate.

11. King Henry VIII Versus Pope: All for an Heir continued… • There were five groups dissatisfied with the Church of England: • ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________ • These groups were dissatisfied with the Church of England because • ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________. Puritans – remember this one. Presbyterians Baptists Non-conformists Dissidents These groups felt that it was a copy of the Catholic Church.

12. King Henry VIII Versus Pope: All for an Heir continued… • The five things these dissatisfied groups wanted to get rid of were • _______________________________________________ • _______________________________________________ • _______________________________________________ • _______________________________________________ • _______________________________________________ Bishops Prayer books Priest’s vestments Church bells Stain glass windows

13. King Henry VIII Versus Pope: All for an Heir… • Wives of King Henry VIII • ______________________________ • _______________________________ • ________________________________ • ________________________________ • _______________________________ • _______________________________ • Katherine of Aragon (divorced/annulled) Anne Boleyn (beheaded) Jane Seymour (died) Anne of Cleves (divorced) Catherine Howard (beheaded) Catherine Parr (survived)

14. King Henry VIII :Renaissance Man and Executioner • _____________ started the Royal Navy • _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________. King Henry VIII • Under King Henry VIII , it put stop to foreign invasions, allowed England to spread power, language, literature all over world. (beginnings of England as World Power)

15. King Henry VIII Versus Pope: All for an Heir • King Henry VIII is considered a Renaissance Man because • ___________________________________ • ___________________________________ • ___________________________________ • wrote poetry, music, literature • in youth very athletic, handsome • ladies man, good dancer, etc.

16. Henry VIII: Renaissance Man and Executioner • List Henry VIIIs wives, their fates and children (if any) he had with each. READY, SET, GO …………….

17. Katherine of AragonWife 1

18. Katherine of Aragon continued … • Very Catholic! • They were very happy for awhile. • Gave birth to daughter: Mary. • Doesn’t give him the son he wants, eyes move elsewhere to Anne Boleyn. • Annulment (divorce) – sends her back to Spain.

19. Anne Boleyn Wife 2

20. Anne Boleyn continued … • Henry created the Church of English in 1531 for her. • Henry became attracted to her about 1525 – she was one of Katherine of Aragon’s ladies in waiting. • Henry sent Cardinal Wolsey to the Pope to plead his case for a divorce. Wolsey was later dismissed as Lord Chancellor. • Henry secretly married Anne – 1533.

21. Anne Boleyn continued … • Parliament declared the marriage to Katherine invalid • Careful…..if marriage is invalid… • What happens to Mary???? • She is considered illegitimate. • Anne gives birth to Elizabeth – Sept. 1533

22. Jane SeymourWife 3

23. Jane Seymour • Quiet, mousey and frail. • One of Anne Boleyn’s ladies in waiting • Seemed to always be frightened. • VERY different from Katherine and Anne. • Married Henry day after Boleyn’s execution. • Already carrying Henry’s only legitimate son. • Edward (1537-1553) • Childhood fever causes his death. • Was Henry’s favorite…she gave him a son.

24. Anne of ClevesWife 4

25. Anne of ClevesWife 4 • 1540---Henry marries her, sight unseen. • Alliance with Germany. • Had only seen portraits of Anne (in person, didn’t like what he saw– called her a “Flander’s mare”.) • She saw what was coming (SMART). • Testified-the marriage was never consummated. • Probably most fortunate of all Henry’s wives. • Received many gifts from Henry (SET for LIFE).

26. Catherine HowardWife 5

27. Catherine Howard • Born between 1520 and 1525…no record • Cousin of Anne Boleyn (poor side of family) • Wild child -- not supervised like most young children • Affair with music teacher • Affair with estate manager • One of Anne of Cleve’s ladies in waiting

28. Catherine Howard continued … • Rumors she was carrying Henry’s son before he annulled marriage to Anne of Cleves • Probably started by her family • It worked…they were married a few weeks later (16 days after being freed from Anne) • Henry showered her with jewels and clothes • Henry called her “his rose without a thorn” • Catherine vowed all his wishes would be met • BUT….

29. Catherine Howard continued … • She found her marriage bed…unappealing • By this time, Henry was… • Nearly 50 (she was approximately 19) • Weighed about 300 lbs. • Sick • Had a leg ulcer • Early in 1541..she had a romance with Thomas Culpepper.

30. Catherine ParrWife 6

31. Catherine Parr continued … • 1512-1548 • Widowed twice • In a relationship with Thomas Seymour (Jane’s brother, actually married him after death of Henry) • She caught Henry’s eye-he proposed • Married in July 1543 • She was friends with his children • Even brought Henry and his daughters together • Through and Act of Parliament-they were put back in the line of succession

32. The Boy King and Bloody Mary

33. The Boy King and Bloody Marycontinued … • King Henry VIII only legitimate male heir was __________________. Edward VI

34. Mary I (Tudor) (daughter of Katherine of Aragon)

35. Mary I (Mary Tudor) continued … • Determined to have a Catholic heir. • Her uncle was the King of Spain • Married the King of Spain’s son…Phillip 1st cousin. • Strong-willed, determined to avenge the wrongs done to her mother (Katherine of Aragon). • Converted England back to Roman Catholic, burned 300 Protestants at the stake, known as BLOODY MARY. • Overthrown by subjects but died before being ousted.

36. Elizabeth I: The Virgin Queen (daughter of Anne Boleyn)

37. Elizabeth I (Elizabeth Tudor) continued … • Considered one of the most brilliant & successful monarchs in history • Church important to her. Reestablished Church of England, excommunicated from Roman Catholic Church. • Never married (knew strength in independence and ability to play one suitor against another). • Taxes (Catholic families being taxed more – smiling – raiders in Catholic church really her own men, kept her 10% from Church - $$$ to her military (Navy).

38. Elizabeth I: The Virgin Queen continued … • Survived many plots against her, many from cousin, Mary Queen of Scots; endured 20 years and then had Mary beheaded.

39. The Spanish Armada Sinks: A Turning Point in History • Because Queen Elizabeth had Mary Queen of Scots beheaded, King Phillip of Spain (widower of Mary Tudor) used the beheading of Mary Stuart as excuse to invade England. • Spanish Armada (130 ships; 30,000 men) – smaller, faster, more maneuverable English ships DEFEATED Armada. Half Spanish fleet destroyed by English and weather (5,000 men drowned). England lost 100 men and NO ships! • Defeat of Spanish Armada = turning point in history -- Established England as WORLD POWER.

40. A Flood of Literature • Queen Elizabeth became a source of INSPIRATION for the English people. • She established a religious & national identity. • She established a sense of stability for the Country and for the Church. • English writers started writing as never before. • William Shakespeare • Christopher Marlow • Edmund Spencer…. All wrote about her. • Composer and Musician Robert Johnson

41. Decline of the Renaissance: A Dull Man Succeeds a Witty Woman James I (James Stuart – James VI of Scotland) replaced Queen Elizabeth in 1603.

42. Decline of the Renaissance:A Dull Man Succeeds a Witty Woman • James I was the son of Mary Queen of Scots’. • The group which disliked King James I the most was the puritanical merchants. (Puritans) • King James lacked Elizabeth’s ability to resolve or postpone conflicts, especially religious and economic issues. Difficult reign. • James I tried to endear himself to his subjects by: • __________________________________________. • __________________________________________ • __________________________________________ • ___________________________________________ Writing books in favor of divine right of monarchy • Patronizing Shakespeare’s “King’s Men” and Jonson. • A new translation of Bible: King James Version. • Began an anti-tobacco policy.

43. Decline of the Renaissance:A Dull Man Succeeds a Witty Woman • Three reasons James I’ssubjects did not like him: • ____________________________ • _____________________________________________ • He was a spendthrift. • He was considered “thick-tongued” and “googleeyed.” • He was a foreigner (Scotland not England.)

44. The Glass of Fashion • Green = _______ • Pansy = _______ • Snake = _______ • Black and White = ___________________ • White and Tawny = __________________ Love • Sadness • Flattery Chastity and purity Patience in adversity

45. The Glass of Fashion continued… • When a person was referred to as having a “peascod” or “goose belly” it meant ____________________. • A man with a “peascod” or “goose belly” was ______________________. one had a fat belly. considered wealthy.

46. Jewish Life in England • The most famous Jewish character in Renaissance literature was ______________. • The two most unflattering characteristics of this famous Jewish character were: • ______________________ • ______________________ • ____________ banished the Jews from England in 1290 and • __________________ allowed the Jews to return in the 17th century? Shylock • He had no mercy. He was a moneylender. King Edward I Oliver Cromwell

47. Jewish Life in England continued … • Three Examples of persecution suffered by the Jews were: • __________________ • __________________ • __________________ Could not own land. • Were segregated – Ghettos. Were charged extra taxes.

48. QuizThe Renaissance

49. Quiz - The Renaissance 1. Why are historical periods so inexact, and why are they generally unknown as periods or eras to the people who live during them? a. They are too complex to be understood by most people. b. c. They come and go with such suddenness that people usually cannot distinguish what “historical period” they live in. d. They are completely artificial constructs and have no basis in documented reality. They are created later by historians to describe general trends rather than precise beginnings and ends.

50. Quiz - The Renaissance continued 2. Which of the following statements best characterizes the intellectual environment of the Renaissance? a. Most people could not read, in part because they could not gain access to books. b. Most Europeans were highly sensitive to the achievements of people from other cultures, particularly people of the Orient. c. d. Through their superior knowledge, scholars established power over the majority of the people. As people became interested in the writings of ancient Greece and Rome, they became more inquisitive and creative.