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Hole’s Anatomy & Physiology Eleventh Edition

Hole’s Anatomy & Physiology Eleventh Edition. *The Lower Extremity* . Audience: Middle School By: Lindsey Singer & Steven Rosado. Lower Extremity. Consists of the bones of: Thigh Leg Foot Patella (kneecap). Thigh. Region between the hip and the knee

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Hole’s Anatomy & Physiology Eleventh Edition

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  1. Hole’s Anatomy & PhysiologyEleventh Edition *The Lower Extremity* Audience: Middle School By: Lindsey Singer & Steven Rosado

  2. Lower Extremity • Consists of the bones of: • Thigh • Leg • Foot • Patella (kneecap)

  3. Thigh • Region between the hip and the knee • Composed of a single bone called the femur (thighbone) • Femur: largest, longest and strongest bone in the body

  4. Leg • The region from the knee to the ankle • It is formed by the fibula and the tibia • Tibia: connects to the femur to form the knee joint and with the talus (foot bone) • Allows flexion and extension of the ankle • Larger than the fibula • Fibula: responsible for muscle attachment

  5. Foot • Contains the 26 bones of the ankle, instep, and the five toes • The ankleis composed of the 7 tarsal bones which correspond to the carpals in the wrist • Calcaneus (heel bone): largest tarsal bone • Talus: rests on top of the calcaneus and is connected to the tibia

  6. Foot Cont… • Navicular Bone: directly in front of the talus • Remaining bones: • Medial bones • Intermiediate bones • Lateral Cuneiform bones • Cuboid Bone

  7. Foot Cont… • The metatarsal and phalanges bones of the foot are similar in number and position to the metacarpal and phalanges bones of the hand • The 14 phalanges of the foot, as with the hand, are arranged in a proximal row, a middle row, and a distal row, with the big toe, or hallux, having only a proximal and distal phalanx

  8. Foot Cont… • The foot's two arches are formed by the structure and arrangement of the bones and are maintained by tendons and ligaments • The arches: give when weight is placed on the foot and spring back when the weight is lifted off of the foot • The arches may fall due to a weakening of the ligaments and tendons in the foot

  9. Patella (Kneecap) • A large, triangular sesamoid bone between the femur and the tibia • It is formed in response to the strain in the tendon that forms the knee • The patella protects the knee joint and strengthens the tendon that forms the knee

  10. Patella (Kneecap) Cont… • The bones of the lower extremities are the heaviest, largest, and strongest bones in the body because they must bear the entire weight of the body when a person is standing in the upright position

  11. YouTube Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBYc7n9f_aQ

  12. References • http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/biology/humananatomy/skeletal/leg/leg.html • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBYc7n9f_aQ

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