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World War I “ The Great War” 1914-1918

World War I “ The Great War” 1914-1918. Ms. Carpenter Duluth Middle Social Studies. Rivalry Between Nations. Industrialization created rivalries among European countries. Great Britain, France, Germany, and other European countries needed natural resources for their factories.

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World War I “ The Great War” 1914-1918

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  1. World War I“The Great War”1914-1918 Ms. Carpenter Duluth Middle Social Studies

  2. Rivalry Between Nations • Industrialization created rivalries among European countries. • Great Britain, France, Germany, and other European countries needed natural resources for their factories. • They also needed markets were they could sell their products. • Imperialism: European countries claimed land in Africa and Asia to set up colonies. • European countries also built up large armies and navies to protect their empires. • Countries formed alliances with one another and agreed to support one another in times of war.

  3. World War IWhy did it start? • nationalism, militarism, and alliances • June 28, 1914, GavriloPrincip assassinates Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophie of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo.Princip had ties to a Serbian terrorist group.

  4. What events started WW1 • July 23rd: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia because of assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. • April 6,1917: USA declares war on Germany in retaliation for the sinking of the Lusitania cruise ship on May 7, 1915 and the resumption of unrestricted warfare.

  5. Serbia Great Britain France Russia Italy Japan United States Belgium Montenegro Romania Portugal China Liberia Greece Siam San Marino Panama Cuba Brazil Guatemala Haiti Honduras Costa Rica Nicaragua World War IThe Allied Powers

  6. World War IThe Central Powers • Austria-Hungary • Germany • Bulgaria • Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

  7. World War IWeaponry • The methods of the Industrial Revolution were used to mass-produce deadly weapons. • airplane • submarine • tank • machine gun • mustard gas

  8. World War IWhere did they fight? • In Europe, trench warfare developed, especially along the western front between France and Germany. • in northern Africa • in the skies above Europe - “dog fights” between planes • in the Atlantic, with Germany’s unrestricted warfare and dangerous U-boats

  9. World War IHow did it end? • American troops arrived in Europe and Africa. • Paris Peace Conference • Treaty of Versailles • The Big Four • Woodrow Wilson, American President • David Lloyd George, British Prime Minister • Georges Clemenceau, French Premier • Vittorio Orlando, Italian Premier

  10. World War IThe Effects • Russian Revolution – 1917 revolution begun by Vladimir Lenin and led to a communist government in Russia • Germany was blamed for starting the war and was asked to pay for the damage leaving the country in financial ruins. • The Austrian-Hungarian empire was dismantled. • The Ottoman Empire was destroyed. • World War II

  11. The Time Between the Wars The Roaring 20s and the Great Depression

  12. The Great Depression When the United States stock market crashed on October 29, 1929, the world’s economy collapsed.

  13. The Early 1930s • nations struggled through depressions • businesses went broke • millions of people were out of work • banks closed • poverty spread throughout the world • The climate was perfect for the rise of dictators such as Adolf Hitler (Germany) and Benito Mussolini (Italy). • This period is known as the Great Depression.

  14. London in 1930 Paris in 1930

  15. Germany • Germany depended heavily on American loans. • The Wall Street Crash (Black Tuesday) placed more pressure for Germany to repay US loans. • rampant hyperinflation = useless currency • massive unemployment (5 million in 1932, 20% of total population) • production fell 40% • Germany turned to Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party to solve the German economic crisis.

  16. The deutschmarkGermany’s currency

  17. The deutschmark in 1923 was only good for making kites

  18. …and burning in a stove for heat.

  19. Germans wanted someone to blame for their misfortune. • The Nazi party offered Jews as the scapegoat. • Children were often organized in youth groups and taught Nazi dogma. • Germans were told to boycott Jewish businesses. • Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass) was a night of destruction aimed at Jewish homes and businesses.

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