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Introduction to the Cell: History, Structure, and Diversity

This chapter provides an introduction to the cell, exploring its history, structure, and diversity. It covers key discoveries by scientists such as Robert Hooke, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow, Janet Plowe, and Lynn Margulis. The Cell Theory, cell types, size limitations, internal organization, cell membrane, and the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes are also discussed.

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Introduction to the Cell: History, Structure, and Diversity

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  1. Chapter 4.1 Introduction to the cell

  2. Robert Hooke • 1665 • used a microscope to examine a piece of cork. (dead cells) • He described it as consisting of “a great many little boxes”. • These “little boxes” reminded him of the small rooms in which monks lived, so he called them cells

  3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek • 1674 • First person to observe living cells (single-celled organisms in pond water) • Dutch microscope maker

  4. Matthias Schleiden • 1838 • German botanist • Concluded that all plants are made of cells

  5. Theodor Schwann • 1839 • German scientist • Concluded that all animals are made up of cells

  6. Rudolf Virchow • 1855 • German physician • Proposed that all cells come from existing cells

  7. Janet Plowe • 1931 • demonstrated that the cell membrane is a physical structure, not just an interface between two liquids

  8. Lynn Margulis • 1970 • Proposed the theory that certain organelles were once free-living cells themselves • Theory: • ENDOSYMBIOSIS

  9. The Cell Theory 3 parts of the theory: • All living things are composed of 1 or more cells • Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism • Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells

  10. PLANT CELL!

  11. ANIMAL CELL!

  12. Cell Diversity • Your body contains at least 200 different cell types.

  13. Size of cells • Cells are limited inside by the ratio between their outer surface area and their volume

  14. Why don't we get Giant Cells?

  15. Internal Organization • Organelles- a cell component that performs specific functions for the cell.

  16. Cell Membrane • Cell membrane- thin membrane surrounding the cell

  17. Prokaryotes • Lack a membrane-bound nucleus • Example: all bacteria

  18. Eukaryotes • Has a nucleus & organelles • Examples: plant and animal cells

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