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The Mongols and World History. The Formation and Dissolution of Nomadic Empires. Age of Cross-Cultural Interaction (1000 – 1500 CE). Nomadic Empires Sub-Saharan Africa Western Europe in the High Middle Ages The Americas and Oceania Cross-Cultural Interactions c.1500.
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The Mongols and World History The Formation and Dissolution of Nomadic Empires
Age of Cross-Cultural Interaction(1000 – 1500 CE) • Nomadic Empires • Sub-Saharan Africa • Western Europe in the High Middle Ages • The Americas and Oceania • Cross-Cultural Interactions c.1500
Formation of Nomadic Empire • Features of nomadic life • Chinggis Khan (1206-1227) • Maintenance and division of Mongolian Empire(s) • Marco Polo and Kublai Khan • Route and Experiences • Influence on western conceptions of “the east”
Key Points • The Mongolian rise to power depended on a confluence of political, economic, and regional factors • The united Mongolian empire under Chinggis Khan fragmented on his death into 4 successor states • Marco Polo’s journeys demonstrate growing (commercial and cultural) interaction by 1300
“Mongol” – award-winning film by Sergei Bodrove (subtitled) Mongol (2007: Chinggis' wife stolen)Mongol (2007-brothers divided)Mongol (2007- Mongols united))
Mongolian military: cavalry, archery, gunpowder, siege equipment, support systems
Heaven has appointed me to rule all the nations, for hitherto there has been no order upon the steppes. --Genghis Khan
Key factors that led c.125,000 warriors to build the largest land empire in history • Military prowess • Adaptation of local societies/talents • Timing: fragmentation of postclassical states
The Mongolian Empires:Yuan, Chagatai, Il-Khanate, Golden Horde
Contrasting Responses to Contact:West (European/Asian) and East Asian