Chapter 14 Section 2

1. Chapter 14 Section 2 • Stock Market crash in 1929 • Depression and drought causing dust storms • Brought hardship, homelessness and hunger to millions • Unemployment rose and people in cities on street.

2. Chapter 14 Section 2 • Shantytowns (Make shift shack towns) sprung up-A shanty town (also called a squatter settlement) is a slum settlement (sometimes illegal or unauthorized) of impoverished people who live in improvised dwellings made from scrap materials: often plywood, corrugated metal and sheets of plastic. Shanty towns, which are usually built on the periphery of cities, often do not have proper sanitation, electricity, or telephone services.

3. Chapter 14 Section 2 • Soup Kitchens – offering free or low cost food • Bread lines – Lines of people waiting to receive free food sprung up. • Minorities in worst shape • Between 1929 and 1932 about 400,000 farms were lost to foreclosure • Dust Bowl began in 1930’s • Farmers had turned ground over so not much grass left due to plowing

4. Chapter 14 Section 2

5. Chapter 14 Section 2 • Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas and Colorado hardest hit and known as Dust Bowl. The Dust Bowl or the Dirty Thirties was a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadianprairie lands from 1930 to 1936 (in some areas until 1940). The phenomenon was caused by severe drought coupled with decades of extensive farming without crop rotation, fallow fields, cover crops or other techniques to prevent erosion.[1] Deep plowing of the virgin topsoil of the Great Plains had displaced the natural grasses that normally kept the soil in place and trapped moisture even during periods of drought and high winds.

6. Chapter 14 Section 2 • During the drought of the 1930s, without natural anchors to keep the soil in place, it dried, turned to dust, and blew away eastward and southward in large dark clouds. At times the clouds blackened the sky reaching all the way to East Coast cities such as New York and Washington, D.C. Much of the soil ended up deposited in the Atlantic Ocean, carried by prevailing winds which were in part created by the dry and bare soil conditions itself.

7. Chapter 14 Section 2 • Many farmers left their land and headed West on Route 66 to California • Migrants known as Okies • Families became more • important • During early years no • relief from Government • Women started working and were resented by men for taking jobs. • Lack of Money led to health problems • Many people lost their will to survive.

8. 1.) What caused the Dust Bowl? a.) Drought b.) The depression c.) Floods 2.) What was the economy like during the Dust Bowl? a.) America was prosperous b.) America was bordering on becoming a third world nation c.) America was in a depression 3.) What is a make shift shack town called? a.) Hobo town b.) Shantytown c.) Shacktown 4.) What did Soup Kitchens offer? a.) Free or low cost health care b.) Free or low cost food c.) Free or low cost housing 5.) Name one thing that farmers did that led to the Dust Bowl. a.) They planted grass b.) They tilled up most of the grass c.) They planted too many trees 6.) What states were considered in the Dust Bowl? a.) Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado and Texas b.) California, Florida, Kansas and Oklahoma c.) Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas 7.) What were the people called that migrated to California? a.) Migrates b.) Trailblazers c.) Okies 8.) What route did people take in their migration to California? a.) Route 66 b.) Route 44 c.) Highway 33 Chapter 14 Section 2 Quiz