Download
1 / 96
E N D
Justification For Imperialism • As production increased American business began to look out at the world as a means to support that growing industry. American businessmen and newspapers began to urge the American government to take actions that would lead to expansion and imperialism.
Push for Imperialism • Americans justified imperialistic behavior by: 1 Claiming that it was their responsibility. Americans and Europeans both claimed that it was their responsibility as “superior races” to • 1. uplift, • 2. civilize • 3. Christianize native peoples. This was known as the White Mans Burden and was based upon the ideas of social Darwinism.
Claiming it was God's Will. • Many Americans felt it was not only our responsibility and duty but it was also a mandate by God. One of the leading proponents of imperialism was the Minister Josiah Strong. Minister Strong argued that America was in a race with other nations to dominate the world and acquire the limited resources the world had to offer. Strong claimed that America as the leading nation in the world it was our destiny to acquire new lands. This idea sounds like Manifest Destiny
How to create a world power • The push to be a world power meant the US needed to acquire power. • With this need in mind, eyes turned towards Spain. Spain, a once mighty empire, still with vast colonial holdings many of them in our Caribbean backyard, was now a much weaker nation than us. They were ripe for the picking and a their imperial holdings would be the spoils of victory.
Spanish American War • A. Causes of the War • 1. In 1895 civil war broke out in Cuba between Spain and the Cubans. • 2. Newspapers reported the brutality of the Spanish in graphic terms. The New York Journal reported "...blood on the roadsides, blood in the villages, blood, blood, blood!" American newspapers were clearly pushing the nation towards intervention in the Cuban situation.
Causes of the War Con.. • 3. The DeLome Letter - A letter by Spanish Ambassador to the United States Enrique DeLome was intercepted by Hearst's newspaper and published on the front page. The DeLome letter called President McKinley "...weak" The DeLome letter embarrassed McKinley and brought us one step closer to war. The letter was published on the front pages of newspapers. • 4. The Sinking of the Maine - As tensions had increased the United States has sent it's fleet to Cuba to protect American economic interests.
Spanish American War Highlights • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IU5l4yQCpMM
Win the Spanish American War • The United States gained control of the following lands as a result of the Spanish American war. • 1. Cuba • 2. Puerto Rico • 3. Philippines • 4. Other islands as well but these are the important ones.
Other Territories Gained • Hawaii • From the early 1800's American business interests had grown in Hawaii, a series of islands that remained independent. In time the Dole Family was the largest landowner and the Hawaiian Royal family more or less followed whatever they and the United States said. In the mid 1800's a new queen, Queen Liliuokalani gained control of the Islands and began to pass a series of anti American laws. As these laws hurt business the Dole's and other private American businessmen funded a revolution and took over Hawaii. The USS Boston, a US battleship, sat in the Harbor making any Hawaiian resistance impossible. In 1895 Hawaii became a US territory.
Other Territories Gained • Panama Canal Zone • The US, agreed that if Panamanians revolted the US would stop Colombia from interfering. A US fleet, led by the USS Nashville, entered the harbor at Colon and the next day a revolution broke out. Four days later the US government recognized Panama a treaty was signed where Panama gave the canal zone to the US forever. The reality is the US caused a revolution just to get what we wanted.
US becomes a World Power • Because of the vast territories gained as a result of the Spanish American War America became an instant world power. From then on the United States was one of, or the most, powerful nations on earth. As a result the Spanish American War is known as "the beginning of the American Century.
Reminder of the Monroe Doctrine • In 1823 President Monroe issued the following policy now known as the Monroe Doctrine. • It included the following points: • 1. The Western Hemisphere was closed to further European colonization. • 2. U.S. would not interfere with the existing colonies of Europeans. • 3. The U.S. would not interfere in the internal affairs of any Europeans. • 4. Any attempt by the European powers to intervene in the Western Hemisphere would be regarded as "dangerous to our (U.S..) peace and safety.
U.S. Latin American Relations (1845-1933) • 1. Since 1900, U.S. invades Cuba 4 times. It proclaims it has the right to go into Cuba to preserve Cuban independence. The US justified it's actions because it had inserted the "Platt Amendment" into the the Cuban Constitution after the Spanish American War. • Basically wanted to control trade there.
U.S. Latin American Relations • 2. President Theodore Roosevelt convinces Great Britain, Germany and Italy not to invade Venezuela in 1902, to collect debts owed to them by the Venezuelan government. Instead they submit the matter for international settlement. This was part of America's "Dollar Diplomacy."
U.S. Latin American Relations • 2. President Theodore Roosevelt convinces Great Britain, Germany and Italy not to invade Venezuela in 1902, to collect debts owed to them by the Venezuelan government. Instead they submit the matter for international settlement. This was part of America's "Dollar Diplomacy.” This is term used to describe how the US would use its influence to sneak into markets.
U.S. Latin American Relations • 3. 1903--the U.S. provokes Panama to revolt against Colombia, and the U.S. warships blockade Colombia to prevent the country from putting down the revolution. As a result the US gained the Panama Canal Zone.
U.S. Latin American Relations • 1904--T. Roosevelt claims the U.S. is the "Policeman of the Western Hemisphere" and can intervene in the affairs of any nation in the hemisphere if it affects the U.S. THIS BECAME KNOWN AS THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY (ADDITION) TO THE MONROE DOCTRINE. Roosevelt says the US should "Speak softly but carry a big stick." He then sends the US "Great White Fleet" on an around the world cruise to show of its power.
U.S. Latin American Relations • 5. 1905-1933--American Marines maintain order and control over Nicaragua, Haiti and the Dominican Republic. They also protect U.S. investments in most of Latin America. This was also part of America's "Dollar Diplomacy."
U.S. Latin American Relations • 6. Good Neighbor Policy 1933 • President Franklin Roosevelt labored to win Latin American goods by a policy that included the following objectives: • Friendship--respecting the rights of others. Americans hoped to overcome the hostility that many Latin Americans felt toward the U.S. • Trade--with the U.S. in the midst of the Great Depression, American hoped to increase trade with Latin American and spur economic recovery.
Quiz • List 4 reasons we justified imperialism? • Name 2 things the Monroe Doctrine promised we would do? • What was Roosevelt's promise called? • What happened in Hawaii? • How did we gain Panama? • Name 3 “causes” of the Spanish American war?
Progressive Era • There are 3 different types of progressives: • Muckrakers • Religious groups • Radical groups
Muckrakers • Muckrakers (Term coined by TR was a negative one. Based on a literary character who was so busy cleaning and raking up the muck and dirt that he didn't see the good things that were above his head.) • 1. Lincoln Stephens, "The Shame of the Cities" Link between big business and crooked politicians • 2. Ida Tarbell, "History of the Standard Oil Company" published in McClure's Magazine. Described the firms cutthroat methods of eliminating competition.
Muckrakers • 3. Upton Sinclair, "The Jungle" Detailed the lives stockyard workers and the meat packing industry. • 4. Jacob Riis, "How The Other Half Lives" A book of photographs about the wretched conditions in the cities and slums.
Religious Groups • 1. Preaching of the "social gospel.” • The movement applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of social justice such as wealth perceived as excessive, poverty, alcoholism, crime, racial tensions, slums, bad hygiene, child labor, inadequate labor unions, poor schools, and the danger of war. • 2. Create acts of god, churches should work to improve conditions for workers and the poor. • 3. Religious organizations like the YMCA, YWCA, concentrated efforts on helping newcomers adjust to life in the big cities. Investigates slum conditions, provided food and clothing and set up settlement houses.
Radical Groups • Radical Groups • 1. Socialist Party. Organized in 1901 by labor leaders including Eugene V. Debs. • Wanted govt. takeover of big business, laws regulating business as well as a minimum wage and laws setting the length of the work week to 40 hours.
Progressive Changes • A. Election of new reform mayors: • -Hazen Pingree of Detroit- • Samuel Jones of Toledo- • 18 Socialist Mayors.
Progressive Changes • Changes in city government and administration • 1. Commission form of government - experts appointed to head commission's. • 2. Council / Manager form of government - elected council that sets laws. Appointed manager to run city departments
Progressive Changes • C. Election of Progressive Governors- • Robert La Follette, Wisconsin - Robert M. "Fightin' Bob" LaFollette (1855-1925)--Progressive Era political leader who served as US Congressman 1885-1891, governor of Wisconsin from 1900-1905 and U.S. Senator 1905-1925. In 1924 he ran as an independent Progressive candidate for President, polling nearly 6 million votes out of some 30 million cast, but won only Wisconsin's electoral votes. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5plfw9dV24
Progressive Changes • D. State Reforms • 1. Oregon System-Secret Ballot Initiative - The idea that a citizen could introduce legislation. Recall - The ability of citizens to recall an elected official. • Referendum - A Yes/No on critical issues held by citizens. • 2. Direct Primary first in Wisconsin in 1903. (As opposed to choice by machine) • 3. Led to direct election of Senators in the 17th Amendment - 1913 (As opposed to choice by legislature.)
Progressive Changes • E. Progressive Legislation • 1. Child labor law • 2. Pure Food and Drug act, 1906 • 3. Meat Inspection Act (1906) • 4. Other laws we will discuss in conjunction with TR and Woodrow Wilson.
Quiz • 1. Who are the 3 Progressive Groups? 2. Who came up with muckrakers? • 3. What does it mean? • 4. List 3 progressive changes?
Read The Oil War Write a 2 page paper containing the following: • Summarize her account of the conflict. • What was the injustice? • Who was involved in the issue? • How do you think the public would have reacted to this news? • Do you think there are conspiracies in business similar to this today? Explain
Video Project • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpFOh-cjhqA • Students will need to tell the story of different progressive laws by using drawings or illustrations they have created. Each slide of explanation needs to be backed up with a drawing to show what is going on in the story. • Minimum of 30 drawings. Story needs to be complete. Each story needs to explain the laws passed. Movie needs to be 3 and a half mins.
Topics • Child labor law • Pure Food and Drug act, 1906 • Meat Inspection Act (1906) • Sherman Anti trust Act • Elkins Act (1903)-Made it illegal for railroads and shippers to offer rate rebates • Hepburn Act (1906) • Federal Trade Act (1914) • Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) • Creation of Federal Reserve System (1914)
Conservative Presidents • The actions of the muckrakers and a newly active middle class were heard by the then Vice President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt. When the President, a very conservative William McKinley was assassinated, Roosevelt became President. Roosevelt was the son of a wealthy old money family.
Conservative Presidents • He was involved in government from when he was very young. It was his belief that the wealthy had an obligation to serve. This led him to government service. He became the Assistant Secretary of War, left to form the Rough Riders and took them to Cuba where he fought in the famous battle of San Juan Hill during the taking of Cuba in the Spanish American War.
Square Deal • "Let the watchwords of all our people be the old familiar watchwords of honesty, decency, fair-dealing, and commonsense."... "We must treat each man on his worth and merits as a man. We must see that each is given a square deal, because he is entitled to no more and should receive no less.” "The welfare of each of us is dependent fundamentally upon the welfare of all of us."--New York State Fair, Syracuse September 7, 1903
Things Teddy Did 1. The "Square Deal" – Reforms were intended to Increase Federal Power, and they essentially ended Laissez Faire government. 2. Sherman Anti trust Act (Felt trusts should be judged on actions) 3. Mediated Coal Strike 4. Elkins Act (1903)-Made it illegal for railroads and shippers to offer rate rebates. Railroad had to set rates. They couldn't change w/out notice
Things Teddy Did • 5. Hepburn Act (1906)-Gave ICC the power to set maximum railroad rates. • 5. Pure Food and Drug Act - Passed in 1906 and amended in 1911 to include a prohibition on misleading labeling. • 6. Meat Inspection Act (1906) • 7. Conservation-Strengthening of Forest Bureau and created National Forest Service
Things Teddy Did • 8. Roosevelt did not run for a third term. • 9. He was only in his mid fifties. • 10. Stayed involved in politics. • Everyone felt like they know TR personally. They felt very connected to him. When he left office he placed Taft in position, but later regretted it.
Teddy • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zr3g3j5CegE
Things Teddy did • 11. Became dissatisfied with Taft and ran for a third term with a third party, the Progressive Party, which was later nicknamed the "Bull Moose Party." Bull Moose Party--Nickname for the Progressive Party of 1912. The bull moose was the emblem for the party, based on Roosevelt's boasting that he was "as strong as a bull moose."
