The Monroe Doctrine

1. AntebellumForeignPolicy The Monroe Doctrine

2. Monroe DoctrineOrigins • Russian interest in extending Alaska. • Began in 1741 when Vitus Bering crosses into Alaska. • 1821, Czar Alexander I sets the southern border at the 51st parallel, almost to present-day San Francisco, and refuses to allow foreign ships into the area. Russian Colonies in North America http://www.colonialvoyage.com/Russian_America.jpg

3. Monroe Doctrine Origins • Reclamation of Latin America. • Spain is too weak to win it back by force. • Congress of Verona, 1822. • Russia, Austria, France, and Prussia vow to regain the land for Spain in the name of “legitimacy” and stability. Simon Bolivar http://www.aceros-de-hispania.com/image/simon-bolivar-sword/simon-bolivar-sabers.jpg

4. Monroe Doctrine Origins • Great Britain. • Great Britain profits by the rebellions. • No longer has to deal with Spain. • Negotiates profitable deals. • Proposes a joint declaration with the United States. • Oppose French intervention. • Neither country would agree not to annex the land for themselves. • Did not recognize the new republics. • Increase Anglo-American relations.

5. Monroe Doctrine Rejection of British Offer • JQ Adams persuades Monroe to reject Britain’s offer. • America had already recognized the new nations. • Did not want to help Great Britain gain favorable trade relations. • To agree would abandon any hope of the United States to gain Cuba or other territories.

6. Monroe Doctrine Annual Message to Congress, 1823 • Better known as the Monroe Doctrine. • New nations are not to be considered future European colonial subjects. • Europe’s political system was “essentially different” from the ones developing in the American continents. • U.S. will notinterfere with existing European colonies in the Americas. The Monroe Doctrine http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/uploadimages/169_02_2.jpg

7. Monroe Doctrine Annual Message to Congress, 1823 • Better known as the Monroe Doctrine. • U.S. will not interfere in purely European affairs. • Any attempt to extend European control would be a “manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States” and consequently a threat to the nation’s “peace and safety.” James Monroe http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Images/monroe.jpg

8. Monroe Doctrine Immediate Impact • Gained little immediate notice in Europe or Latin America. • The United States did not have the resources to police the Western Hemisphere. • European statesmen dismissed it as arrogant. • Latin Americans knew better than to count on American aid in case of attack. Monroe Doctrine http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/monroedoctrine.jpg

9. Monroe Doctrine Immediate Impact • Monroe perfectly expressed the future principles of a stronger America. • Considered the culminating stage of American independence. • Declaration of Independence. • Revolutionary War. • Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation of 1793. • Jay’s Treaty and the removal of British forts in the West. • End of the French Alliance. • Louisiana Purchase ensures control of the Mississippi. • The War of 1812. • Adams-Onís Treaty (Transcontinental Treaty). • The Monroe Doctrine.