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Perception Studies

Perception Studies. I.B. Learning Outcomes. C8 - Discuss how social or cultural factors affect one cognitive process. C4 – Discuss ethical considerations related to research studies at the cognitive level of analysis. The Big Question for Today.

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Perception Studies

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  1. Perception Studies

  2. I.B. Learning Outcomes • C8- Discuss how social or cultural factors affect one cognitive process. • C4 – Discuss ethical considerations related to research studies at the cognitive level of analysis.

  3. The Big Question for Today • Is our ability to perceive something we are born with or something that we learn?

  4. Our Focus • Perceptual Constancy: The process by which we perceive stimuli consistently across varied conditions

  5. Blakemore and Cooper (1970)

  6. Blakemore & Cooper • Results: Cats are born with the ability to perceive both horizontal and vertical lines but without certain experiences, they miss out on development of these skills. • Neurons sensitive to line types did not develop depending on experiences… (Biological)

  7. Turnbull (1961)

  8. Turnbull Finding • Perceptual Constancy is not universal and is learned/practiced through experiences.

  9. Watch Out for the Visual Cliff! • Gibson & Walk (1960) Visual Cliff Video

  10. Results • Children as early as six months show a hesitancy to cross the visual cliff. • They have the ability to perceive depth • Problems? • Banks (1984)- 2 month old babies placed on glass of visual edge lower their heart rate…not fear but attention.

  11. The Müller-Lyer Illusion

  12. Segall et al. (1966) • With the assistance of cultural anthropologists, they showed the Muller-Lyer Illusion to members of 17 different groups and recorded their ability to identify the length of the lines. • Non-Western Tribes: Uganda, Congo, Central Australia, Nigeria. (and others) • Western Groups: European South Africans, Americans

  13. Segall (1966) Findings • Westerners are significantly more susceptible to the illusion than individuals from non-western cultures. • Some non-western tribes experienced no problems with the illusion.

  14. Carpentered World Theory Living in a world with many structured angles make westerns more likely to use depth of field to guide their perception than non-westerners.

  15. Segall Conclusions • Experiences (not necessarily culture) impact the ability of individuals to perceive particular illusions using depth of field. • Does this mean that culture shapes our perception?

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