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ALCALOIZI CU NUCLEU INDOLIC

ALCALOIZI CU NUCLEU INDOLIC. Physostigmae semen – vita africana - Physostigma venenosum – fam. Leguminoase. Physostigmae semen. Liana vivace, volubila Frunze trifoliate, flori rosu-pal rosu-purpuriu. Physostigmae semen. compozitie chimica. actiune.

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ALCALOIZI CU NUCLEU INDOLIC

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  1. ALCALOIZI CU NUCLEU INDOLIC

  2. Physostigmae semen – vita africana- Physostigmavenenosum – fam.Leguminoase

  3. Physostigmaesemen • Liana vivace, volubila • Frunze trifoliate, flori rosu-palrosu-purpuriu

  4. Physostigmae semen compozitiechimica actiune • 1% alcalozi: fizostigmina (ezerina) si calabarine • Ulei volatil • Lipide • Steroli liberi • Amidon • Conservare: VENENA • CI.: - astm bronsic - obstructie cai urinare • Parasimpatomimetic indirect (inhibitor al enzimei colinesteraza) • miastenia gravis • Mioza, scade presiunea intraoculara • Antidot (antagonist curarizante) • Stimuleaza sectretia glandulara • Toxicitate: - dureri abdominale - dispnee - moarte paralizia centrului respirator

  5. Intrebuintari Glaucom Cheratite Ulcere corneene Intoxicatii cu atropina si cu antidepresive triciclice Atonii intestinale si vezicale SUPRADOZAREA produce: Spasme musculare, Tahicardie Cianoza asfixie Physostigmae semen

  6. Passifloraherba– iarba de ceasornic- PassifloraincarnataL. – fam. Passifloraceae

  7. Passifloraeherba • Liana volubila ce se fixeaza prin carcei • Tulpina lignificata, frunze petiolate, alterne, pubescente • Flori mari, solitare, cu aspect de cadran de ceas:5 raceti, 5 sepale, 5 petale alb-violacee, multi apendici petaloizi, 5 stamine

  8. Passifloraherba compozitiechimica actiune • Alcaloixi (harman, harmina,harmol) • Flavonoide (vitexina, hipericina, apigenin, luteolin, Kaempferol, si Quercetin) • Maltol si derivati floroglucinici (2-CH3 – 3 – buten – 2 – ol) • cumarine • La nivel central sedativ si tranchilizant • Parkinson, cancer, HIV, leucemia • Antispastic, astringent, diaforetic, hipnotic, narcotic, sedativ, vasodilatator • iritabilitate, neurologie, iritablilitate in sindrom premenstrual

  9. Intrebuintari Nevralgii Convulsii Spasmemusculare Stari emotive Colitesigastrite de originenervoasa Tulburari de menopauza Passiflorae herba

  10. Secalecornutum– cornulsecarei - Clavicepspurpureea– fam. Claviceptaceae

  11. Secalecornutum– compozitiechimica Alcaloizi – lisergici (de tip aminoalcool –solubil in H2O si de tip peptidic insolubili in apa) de imp terapeutica - clavinici fara imp Lipide (trigliceridele acidului ricinoleic, ergosterol) Amine (metilamina, acetilcolina, histamina) Aminoacizi (acidul aspartic, glutamic, lizina, arginina)

  12. Compozitiechimica Secalecornutum

  13. Secalecornutum- identificare R. van Urk (sol. extractiva acida de ergot + p-dimetilaminobenzaldehida in H2SO4 si Fe +3 = col. albastra) Sol extractiva de ergot (PV + eter de petrol + alcalinizare MgO + acidulare – acid tartric)

  14. Secalecornutum- actiune A. peptidici= gr. Ergotoxinei = Alfa – simpatolitic (blocheaza receptorii alfa – adrenergici) = gr. Ergotaminei = ocitocic, vasoconstrictor, dopaminergic CI.: - ergometrina, metilargometrina (declansarea travaliului – contractii neregulate) - ergotamina si DH-ergotamina (boli vasculare, HTA, insuficienta hepatica, coronariana, sarcina, copii sub 10 ani) NU SE ASOCIAZA CU ANTIBIOTICE DE TIP MACROLID!

  15. Rauwolfiae radix – Rauwolfiaeaserpentina – fam. Apocynaceae

  16. Rauwolfiaeradix • Semiarbust, cu rizom vertical, lemnos, dezvoltat, cu numeroase radacini cilindrice, brun-negricioase, rasucite • Tulpina neramificata, cu frunze coriace, lung petiolate, in varful tulpinii • Florile albe sau roz, cu aspect tubulos

  17. Rauwolfiae radix Compozitiechimica actiune • O.5 – 3% alcaloizi • a) de tip yohimbinic (rezerpina, yohimbina) • b) de tip heteroyohimbonic (baze tertiare – reserpilina; baze cuaternare – serpentina) • c) lochnerinic – sarpagina • d) ajmalinic – ajmalina • Oze, flavone, ulei volatil, acizi • Antihipertensiv (inhiba sistemul simpatic • Tulburari psihice • Antiaritmic (ajmalina) • Simpatolitic (yohimbina) • Stimuleaza circulatia periferica (ajmalicina) • CI.: - stari depresive, ulcer gastro- intestinal, sarcina, alaptare, colita ulceroasa • Interactiuni: - neuroleptice si barbiturice (creste efectul lor) • - heterozide cardiotonice (bradicardie) Yohimbine Rezerpina

  18. Intrebuintari HTA de gradul II Psihoze Insomnii minore ANTIDOT IN MUSCATURI DE SARPE SI DE INSECTE CONTRAINDICATII Depresii neuro-psihice Ulcer gastric si duodenal Sarcina alaptare Rauwolfiae radix

  19. Strychni semen – Strychnosnux – vomica– fam. Loganiaceae

  20. Strychnisemen • Liana arborescenta de 10-25m , frunze ovale, intregi, lucioase si persistente, flori mici, albe, fructe de marimea si culoarea unei portocale si seminte dure, disciforme, pubescente

  21. Strychni semen - identificare Sect transversala prin samanta degresata cu: 1. eter de petrol + 1 – 2 pic acid azotic fumans — col galben portocaliu (brucina) 2. R. Mandelin — violet (stricnina) 3. acid picric — cristale galbene = aciculare – stricnina = prismatice - brucina

  22. Strychni semen Compozitiechimica actiune • 2 – 3% alcaloizi (saruri ale acidului clorogenic): stricnina, brucina, vomicina, novacina • Substante amare • Lipide • Steroli (stigmasterol) • Frunzele mature au un continut mai ridicat de stricnina si brucina • Creste tonusul musculaturii netede, excita centrul vasomotor (tonic muscular, stimuleaza motilitatea gastro-intestinala • Analeptic respirator si vascular • Antidot in intoxicatii cu barbiturice • Brucina – indicator pt indicele de amareala • Toxicitate: D moarte prin asfixie Stricnina Brucina

  23. Catharanthiroseiherba et radix – Catharanthusroseus– fam. Apocynaceae

  24. Catharanthiroseiherba et radix Compozitiechimica actiune • 0.2 – 1% alcaloizi (vinblastina, vincristina) • Iridoide monoterpenice • Antociani • Flavone • Enzime • Leucemie • Diabet, malarie and boala Hodgkin's • Citostatic • R. adv.: - tulburari gastro – intestinale, respiratorii, insuficienta renala, HTA • CI. - gravide Vinblastina Vincristina

  25. Vincaeminorisherba– saschiu - Vinca minor – fam. Apocynaceae

  26. Vincaeminorisherba • Subarbus peren, verde tot timpul anului, cu tulpina repenta, partial lemnoasa, tulpinile florifere sunt ascendente • Frunze oval eliptice, lucioase, glabre, opuse • Flori albastre-violet

  27. Vincaeminorisherba Compozitiechimica actiune • 0.2 – 1.3 % alcaloizi (vincamina) • Flavonoide • Aminoacizi • Taninuri • carotenoide • Vit C • Saruri minerale • Hipotensiv • Stimuleaza metabolismul cerebral (acc. Vasculare cerebrale, ateroscleroza cerebrala, encefalopatii) • Sedativ moderat • Astringent, cicatrizant (tanin) • CI.: - tumori cerebrale • - hipertensiune intraoculara • - sarcina Vincamina

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