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6 Major divisions of the brain

6 Major divisions of the brain. Cerebrum Brain Stem Diencephalon Midbrain (Mesencephalon) Pons Medulla Oblongata Cerebellum. The cerebrum (Fig 8-16, p. 257). Covered by cerebral cortex E levated ridges, gyri ; separated by sulci (shallow) or fissures (deeper)

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6 Major divisions of the brain

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  1. 6 Major divisions of the brain • Cerebrum • Brain Stem • Diencephalon • Midbrain (Mesencephalon) • Pons • Medulla Oblongata • Cerebellum

  2. The cerebrum (Fig 8-16, p. 257) • Covered by cerebral cortex • Elevated ridges, gyri; separated by sulci (shallow) or fissures (deeper) • Two cerebral hemispheres divided by the longitudinal fissureand linked by the corpus callosum. • Each hemisphere divided into lobes • Named after underlying bones (Frontal/Parietal/Occipital/Temporal) • Lobes defined by central sulcus, lateral sulcus, and parieto-occipital sulcus

  3. The cerebrum (Fig 8-16, p. 257) • Location of lobes: • Frontal—anterior to central sulcus • Temporal—inferior to lateral sulcus • Parietal—in between central and parieto-occipital sulcus • Occipital—inferior to parieto-occipital sulcus

  4. The cerebrum (Fig 8-19, p. 260) • Motor and Sensory Areas: • Precentralgyrus—primary motor cortex (frontal), directs movement of skeletal muscles • Postcentralgyrus—primary sensory cortex (parietal), receives sensory input (touch, pressure, pain, temperature)

  5. The cerebrum (Fig 8-19, p. 260) • Other areas of sensation: • Visual cortex—visual input in occipital • Gustatory cortex—taste sensations in frontal • Auditory cortex—auditory input in temporal • Olfactory cortex—sensation of smell in temporal

  6. The cerebrum (Fig 8-20, P. 262) • Hemispheric Lateralization: • Left (reading/writing/speaking) • Right (spatial sensory/emotional) • Cerebral Processing Centers--Lateralized • Wernicke’s Area (left): integrate sensory information with visual/auditory memories • Broca’s area (left): production of words in normal speech • Prefrontal cortex (both): prediction of future consequences; related to feelings of frustration/anxiety; damage=no worries • Prefrontal lobotomy “cure” for mental illness

  7. The cranial nerves (Fig. 8-25, P. 268) • Olfactory: Only attached to cerebrum; sense of smell • Optic: carry visual information from eyes; intersect at optic chiasm • Oculomotor: eyelid and eyeball movement • Trochlear: moves eye downward and laterally • Trigeminal: motor control over chewing muscles • Abducens: lateral eye rotation (away from middle)

  8. The cranial nerves (Fig. 8-25, P. 268) • Facial: mixed nerve; proprioception of facial muscles; facial expressions; deep pressure and taste sensations • Vestibulocochlear: monitor sensory receptors of inner ear (balance and hearing) • Glossopharangeal: innervates tongue and pharynx; taste, salivation • Vagus: autonomic control of visceral functions • Accessory: innervate neck and back muscles; swallowing • Hypoglossal: voluntary control of tongue muscles

  9. Make up your own acronym! • Oh—Olfactory • Once—Optic • One—Oculomotor • Takes—Trochlear • The—Trigeminal • Anatomy—Abducens • Final—Facial • Very—Vestibulocochlear • Good—Glossopharangeal • Vacations—Vagus • Are—Accessory • Heavenly—Hypoglossal

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