7.1 The Industrial Revolution

1. 7.1 The Industrial Revolution

2. Era of Good Feelings • After the War of 1812, Americans were proud of themselves and their nation • James Monroe (D-R) runs unopposed as 5th president. The Federalist party dies out. • Latin American countries overthrow Spanish rule. Monroe establishes diplomatic relations with them • Monroe issues the Monroe Doctrine

3. New Approaches To Manufacturing • Eli Whitney 1801 • Embargo Act of 1807 • War of 1812 Blockade

4. New Approaches To Manufacturing • Change from making products in homes and artisans’ shops to FACTORIES • Factory system: using power-driven machinery and laborers assigned to different tasks (assembly line) • Factory system allows for mass production. • mass production – production of goods in large quantities • These changes bring about an Industrial Revolution • IR– social and economic reorganization that took place as machines replaced hand tools and large-scale factory production develope Eli Whitney

5. New Approaches To Manufacturing • 18TH century – inventors came up with ways to generate power • swiftly moving streams • coal • next, inventors came up w/ power-driven machinery • also, ways to use the machinery to mass-produce goods • example, textiles • first factories were built • their success allowed expansion of factory system, money to research and build more labor-saving devices, and industrialization of the nation Great Britain Starts the Revolution

6. New Approaches To Manufacturing Embargo of 1807 & War of 1812 • After Am. Rev., primary source of income was international trade, not manufacturing. • Farms and plantations produced agricultural products that were shipped to GB, southern Europe,and the West Indies • Examples: grain and tobacco • Two events changed this economic plan: • Embargo Act of 1807 • War of 1812 • We begin to think about development of domestic industries, as foreign trade is at a standstill • Many shipping centers had actually closed down by the time the Embargo Act was repealed. • As seaports recovered, the war of 1812 broke out • •British navy blockaded the coastline • •Americans had to invest

7. Reasons for Industrial Development in the US Embargo Act of 1807 Eli Whitney 1801 We must start manufacturing of our own goods invented interchangeable parts which led to mass market of goods War of 1812 Blockade Develop industry at home

8. New Approaches To Manufacturing • Factors within the US to Promote Industrial Revolution Plentiful Resources Inventors - entrepreneurs Sam Slater Francis Cabot Lowell Cheap labor

9. New Approaches To Manufacturing • Factors within the US to Promote Industrial Revolution New England Has the Most Industry Farming not profitable, cheap labor, rapid river currents to use for power

10. Check Your Knowledge 2. What two events prompted America to begin developing domestic industries? Explain. • 1. What was the Industrial Revolution? A social and economic reorganization that took place asmachines replaced hand tools and large-scale factory production developed. Embargo Act of 1807—brought a standstill to the nation’sonce-thriving foreign trade War of 1812—British blockades shut down nation’s overseas shipping network

11. Two Agricultural Systems North South Farming Methods in NW Territory Farming Methods in NW Territory Farming Methods in NW Territory Eli Whitney: Cotton Gin Grain, crops 2 crops per year livestock farmers grow short staple cotton Farming Methods New England Effect on the South Small move into shipping and industry 1. cotton is king 2. expand into Ohio

12. Two Agricultural Systems North South Farming Methods in NW Territory Slavery Becomes Entrenched Neither Depended on: little other viable agriculture that made $ and which did not require slave labor - slavery is profitable slavery By 1804 By 1820 most states in N (N of Deleware) abolish slavery dependence on slavery grows

13. The American System Farming Methods in NW Territory

14. The American System Created Because 1. to unify the nation 2. unite the economic interests 3. improve transportation network to facilitate the exchange of goods 4. help America become economically independent Farming Methods in NW Territory This will solve our problems!

15. We need these items! The American System Protective Tariff Our industries were new and couldn’t compete with Grt. Britain 1. Britain had stockpiled goods they sold for a cheap price 2. We needed money for roads, canals, lighthouses Farming Methods in NW Territory

16. The American System Reactions Forget sectionalism this is for the nation! Northern Reaction Northern Reaction Farming Methods in NW Territory We welcome tariffs! Southern Reaction We DO NOT want tariffs! They only make things more expensive for us!

17. The American System Reserrect the Bank You just know which party let the first bank die off! Resurrect the Bank Because: This would create a national currency making it easier to do business within the nation. Farming Methods in NW Territory

18. Test Your Knowledge What were the main components of the American System? Farming Methods in NW Territory Sponsoring the development of internal improvements,including transportation systems; establishing a protectivetariff; resurrecting the national bank How did the Tariff of 1816 highlight the nation’s growing sectionalism? Many Northeastern manufacturers welcomed the tariff because it allowed them to sell more goods; people in theSouth and West opposed it because it meant a higher costfor European goods

19. Effects of the National Road Effects of the National Road Effects of the National Road Effects of Erie Canal Farming Methods in NW Territory Made NYC the dominant port of the nation. Cut transportation costs from NYC to the Grt Lakes from $100 to $5. Cut travel time from 20 days to 8 days. People could travel, communicate, and transport goods much easier

20. Effects of the National Road Farming Methods in NW Territory