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Bone Fractures, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Repair

Bone Fractures, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Repair. Physiology Class. Bone Fractures. Fractures of bone can be classified in either a few general ways or a few specific ways. General Fracture Classification. Open or compound - bone protrudes out of skin

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Bone Fractures, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Repair

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  1. Bone Fractures, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Repair Physiology Class

  2. Bone Fractures • Fractures of bone can be classified in either a few general ways or a few specific ways

  3. General Fracture Classification • Open or compound - bone protrudes out of skin • Closed or simple - bone does not break through skin • Complete - bone separates into two fragments • Incomplete - bone does not separate into two fragments • According to direction of fracture - linear, transverse, oblique

  4. Specific Fracture Classification • Green-stick fracture - an incomplete fracture in which one side of the bone breaks and the other side bends; happens mainly in children

  5. Specific Fracture Classification • Comminuted fracture - a fracture in which the bone breaks into more than two fragments; usually caused by severe forces

  6. Specific Fracture Classification • Impacted fracture - one end of the fracture is forcefully driven into the interior of the other

  7. Specific Fracture Classification • Stress fracture - fracture without being visibly broken; microscopic fissures in bone that forms without any evidence of injury to other tissues; caused by repeated strenuous activity (ex: running)

  8. Specific Fracture Classification • Spiral fracture - fracture spirals down the bone; caused by a twisting force that creates an oblique fracture around and through the bone

  9. X-rays and Pictures of Fractures

  10. X-rays and Pictures of Fractures

  11. Symptoms of Bone Fractures • Pain • Swelling • Loss of function to area • Deformity of a limb • Sometimes there is bruising from internal bleeding

  12. Diagnosing Bone Fractures • X-rays of injured area • Some fractures are difficult to see in an x-ray, so a CT scan, MRI, or other bone scans are used

  13. Treatment of Fractures • There are two main types of treatments: • External fixation - casts • Internal fixation - surgery • Wires - used on small fractures • Plates - hold two lengths of bone together with screws • Nails or rods - placed in centers of long bones and held in place with screws • Screws - most common method; used by self or with other items

  14. Internal Fixation Examples

  15. Internal Fixation Examples

  16. Healing of Fractures • Healing time varies for each individual • Healing time also depends on: • Which bone was broken • Severity of the break • Age of individual • Bones take longer to heal the older that we get

  17. Bone Repair When bone breaks, so do the blood vessels that supply the bone 1) a clot forms in the damaged area 2) blood vessels and cells invade the clot and produce a fibrous network and cartilage between broken bones (callus) 3) osteoblasts enter callus and begin forming cancellous bone 4) Cancellous bone is remodeled to form compact and cancellous bone; repair is complete

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