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Bone Repair

Bone Repair. Bone Fractures. 4 Ways to Classify Bone Fractures The position of the bone ends after fracture Nondisplaced Displaced The completeness of the break Complete Incomplete The orientation of the bone to the long axis Linear Transverse

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Bone Repair

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  1. Bone Repair

  2. Bone Fractures 4 Ways to Classify Bone Fractures • The position of the bone ends after fracture • Nondisplaced • Displaced • The completeness of the break • Complete • Incomplete • The orientation of the bone to the long axis • Linear • Transverse • Whether the bone ends penetrate the skin • Closed/ Simple • Open/ Compound

  3. Types of Bone Fractures • Nondisplaced • Bone ends retain their normal position • Displaced • Bone ends are out of normal alignment • Complete • Bone is broken all the way through • Incomplete • Bone is not broken all the way through • Linear • Fracture is parallel to the long axis of the bone • Transverse • Fracture is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone • Closed/ simple • Does not penetrate the skin • Open/ compound • Does penetrate the skin

  4. In Addition to those 4 Classifications… Fractures can be described by: • Location of the fracture • External appearance of the fracture • Nature of the break

  5. Common Types of Fractures Table 6.2.1

  6. Common Types of Fractures Table 6.2.2

  7. Common Types of Fractures Table 6.2.3

  8. 4 Stages of Bone Fracture Repair • Hematoma Formation • Fibrocartilaginous callus formation • Bony callus formation • Bone remodeling

  9. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture

  10. First Stage in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Hematoma Formation • Torn blood vessels hemorrhage • A mass of clotted blood (hematoma) forms at the fracture site • Site becomes swollen, painful, and inflamed Hematoma Hematoma formation 1 Figure 6.14.1

  11. Second Stage in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Fibrocartilaginous callus forms • Granulation tissue (soft callus) forms a few days after the fracture • Capillaries grow into the tissue and phagocytic cells begin cleaning debris External callus New blood vessels Internal callus (fibrous tissue and cartilage) Spongy bone trabeculae Fibrocartilaginous callus formation 2 Figure 6.14.2

  12. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture • The fibrocartilaginous callus forms when: • Osteoblasts and fibroblasts migrate to the fracture and begin reconstructing the bone • Fibroblasts secrete collagen fibers that connect broken bone ends • Osteoblasts begin forming spongy bone • Osteoblasts furthest from capillaries secrete an externally bulging cartilaginous matrix that later calcifies

  13. Third Stage in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Bony callus formation • New bone trabeculae appear in the fibrocartilaginous callus • Fibrocartilaginous callus converts into a bony (hard) callus • Bone callus begins 3-4 weeks after injury, and continues until firm union is formed 2-3 months later Bony callus of spongy bone Bony callus formation 3 Figure 6.14.3

  14. Fourth Stage in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Bone remodeling • Excess material on the bone shaft exterior and in the medullary canal is removed • Compact bone is laid down to reconstruct shaft walls Healing fracture Bone remodeling 4 Figure 6.14.4

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