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Plate Tectonics, The Rock Cycle and the Geologic History of Vermont (Rocks, Rocks, and more Rocks)

Plate Tectonics, The Rock Cycle and the Geologic History of Vermont (Rocks, Rocks, and more Rocks). ROCKS:. Igneous Rocks Cool from Molten rock - magma Intrusive and extrusive Sedimentary Rocks Little pieces of other rocks that have been eroded, transported and deposited elsewhere

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Plate Tectonics, The Rock Cycle and the Geologic History of Vermont (Rocks, Rocks, and more Rocks)

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  1. Plate Tectonics,The Rock Cycle andthe Geologic History of Vermont(Rocks, Rocks, and more Rocks)

  2. ROCKS: • Igneous Rocks • Cool from Molten rock - magma • Intrusive and extrusive • Sedimentary Rocks • Little pieces of other rocks that have been eroded, transportedand deposited elsewhere • Metamorphic Rocks • Squished and folded rocks • Can originate from sedimentaryigneous or other metamorphics granite basalt sandstone Limestone slate schist

  3. The Rock Cycle:

  4. Most of the rocks we find inVermont date to between 550and 350 million years ago! Generalized Geology of Vermont

  5. Vermont Has ‘em All Granite (igneous-intrusive) Rock of Ages Quarry Barre, Vermont

  6. Vermont Has ‘em All Limestone (sedimentary) Marble (metamorphic) Lessor’s QuarrySouth Hero, Vermont

  7. Vermont Has ‘em All Slate (metamorphic) Eureka Slate Quarry Poultney, Vermont

  8. Vermont Has ‘em All Marble (metamorphic) Vermont Marble Museum Proctor, Vermont

  9. Vermont Has ‘em All Schist (metamorphic) Mt. Mansfield

  10. Why are all these different rock types found in VT??? sedimentaryOrdovician Igneoussilurian-devonian Metamorphic Cambrian Metamorphicsilurian-devonian Metamorphic Pre-Cambrian

  11. The Rock Cycle and Plate Tectonics:

  12. “Vermont” in the Pre-Cambrian: • Grenville Super Continent(~1 billion years ago) • No continents as we know them • VT and New England didn’t exist yet • One big landmass • Landmasses have come together and • Spread apart several times in Earth’s4.5 billion year history

  13. Acadian Orogeny ~400-350 mya Continued convergence Emplacement of granite intrusions Then 350 million years of erosion Leaves us with the Vermont of today Taconic Orogeny ~450 mya - convergence Offshore sediments Metamorhposed and thrust Over cambrian sedimentary rocks In the champlain valley Cambrian Rifting ~550 mya - Iapetus Ocean Rifting to seafloor spreading Erosion and deposition of Continental shelf rocks (limestones, sandstones) Offshore deposition (shales and mudstones)

  14. So….what is it?

  15. Questions to ask yourself • Can you tell which of the three types of rocks it is? • Can you see individual grains or crystals? • If so, are they interlocking, or do they look likelittle pieces of rock? • Are the minerals light colored or dark colored? • Can you see “sheets” or foliations in the rock? • Can you see folds or other structures? • Does the rock react (fizz) with acid (HCl)?

  16. Basic Rock Type

  17. Intrusive Extrusive Minerals- Igneous Rocks Coarse Fine Felsic Minerals:rich in Si and Ogenerally lighter in color less dense than mafics Mafic Minerals:rich in Fe and Mggenerally darker in color more dense than felsics Cooling rate

  18. Igneous Rocks

  19. HClfizz Sedimentary Rocks Detrital = Clastic Organic Chemicallyprecipitated

  20. Metamorphic Rocks

  21. sandstone Limestone shale Metamorphic Rocks - precursors or parent rocks: Parent Rock Metamorphic Rock Quartzite Marble HCl fizz slate

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