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The Islamic World

The Islamic World. The rise of Islam. Social, geographic and historical context: pre-Islamic Arabia; the Near Eastern world the prophet Muhammad, c. 570-632 early Islamic history: Mecca to Medina; conquests, split into Sunni and Shiite Islam. Islam the religion. Quran

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The Islamic World

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  1. The Islamic World

  2. The rise of Islam • Social, geographic and historical context: pre-Islamic Arabia; the Near Eastern world • the prophet Muhammad, c. 570-632 • early Islamic history: Mecca to Medina; conquests, split into Sunni and Shiite Islam

  3. Islam the religion • Quran • Five pillars: the hajj, profession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat (alms) • Islamic law and society: sharia, qadis, hadith, ulama • Sunnism/Shiism • worship: imams, mosque

  4. Islam: the community and social structure • Umma = community of believers • Dar al-Islam • family • the role of women and men: the harem • the early community and ideal

  5. The spread of Islam and its appeal • The conquests • early Islamic empires, 650-1500s: Abbasids, Ummayads, Mamluks • conquered and conquerors: Islamic society • dhimmis (people of the book); jizya: tax • role of the caliph • role of cities, trade

  6. The Islamic world: three empiresOttomans, Mughals, SafavidsSimilarities: • Military strength • Religious backing: ties between ruler and ruled • Islam as glue; Islamic justice • bureaucratic governments

  7. The Islamic world, c.1300-1650:The Ottoman Empire, 1326-1650[note: lasted until 1918] • Turkish origins • military: conquests, Janissaries and devshirme • bureaucracy and education; role of law • Sultans: “shadow of God” • Ottoman subjects and society • keys to success Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566

  8. The Ottomans in transition, 1560s-1700 • Problem of succession • size • changing world of the late 1500s-1600s • decentralizing forces: Mamluk independence; Treaty of Carlowitz, 1699

  9. Islamic world: the Mughal Empire (India) • Indian society on the eve of Mughal conquests: Hinduism • Delhi Sultanate, 1206-1526 • establishment of Mughals: Babur, Akbar (1556-1605) • keys to success: economic system; culture, trade The Taj Mahal

  10. Islamic world: the Safavids (Iran) • Rise out of Mongol invasions: Safi al-Din (1252-1334); Ismail (1501-1524) • role of Shiite Islam and concept of rule: institution of the shah; oppositional role • relationship to Ottomans: competition • legacy (influence on today’s Iran)

  11. Conclusion: the Islamic world, c. 1300-1650 • Urban, cosmopolitan Islamic world • attitudes about Europe (role of technology and learning; legacy of Crusades) • strengths and weaknesses • place in the world

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