The Islamic World

1. The Islamic World 570 A.D. – 1250 A.D.

2. Arabia • Arabian peninsula is mostly a harsh desert, with little water

3. Arabia (cont) • Arabs were nomadic herders • Leader of tribe was the sheik • Later became caravan traders

4. Origin of Islam • Arabs were polytheistic • Believed they descended from Abraham • His son, Ishmael, built a temple in Mecca • The cornerstone of the Kaaba is called the black stone

5. Origins (cont) • Muhammad (570 A.D.-632 A.D.) • Prophet, who received visions from the angel Jibreel (Gabriel) • Taught that there was one God, Allah • Destroyed the idols in the Kaaba and rededicated to Allah

6. Islamic Faith • There is one God, Allah • Qur’an is the holy book of Islam • Muslims worship in Mosques

7. as equal to the prophets a belief in one God It says to accept them.

8. Islamic Faith (cont)

9. Spread of Islam • Easy to learn and practice • No priesthood • Teaches equality • Easily “portable”  nomads & trade routes

10. Spread of Islam (cont) • Jihad means to strive or struggle • Military extension of Islam • Only warfare permitted • Some Muslims believe this is the “sixth pillar”

11. Spread of Islam (cont) • Within 100 years of Muhammad’s death, Islam spread throughout the Middle East and Africa • The Moors controlled Spain • The Turks later controlled much of Asia Minor and part of India

13. 500 years A.D. 680 the Umayyad dynasty

14. The Divide • When the third caliph’s successor was murdered a split occurred • Sunnis believe agreement among Muslims should settle religious matters • Sh’iah believe that imams should decide religious matters

15. Culture • Marriage • Women could refuse an arranged marriage • Women could keep property after a divorce • Qu’ran limits a man to four wives

16. Culture (cont) • Slavery • Qu’ran encourages Muslims to free their slaves • Slaves are to be treated humanely • Free Muslims could not be enslaved • Children of a female slave and her master were free

17. Culture (cont) • Medicine • Studied anatomy • Established first pharmacy school and encyclopedia • Spread knowledge to Europe Avecinna, father of modern medicine Anatomy of the eye

18. Culture (cont) • Geography • Cartography • Developed extremely accurate maps • Astronomy • Used astrolabe to navigate the stars

19. Culture (cont) • Architecture was designed to show the glory of Islam • Mosques have a minaret on top • A crier calls the people to worship five times a day

20. Culture (cont) • The Arts (cont) • Great patrons of poetry and literature • The Thousand and One Nights • Ali Baba, Aladdin, Sinbad

21. algebra the astrolabe architecture

23. Muslims in the World Today

24. Muslims in America