CE403 Construction Methodology

1. CE403 Construction Methodology Steel Construction

2. Metals: History • 500 BC - wrought iron in Greece • 6th Century – wrought iron in China • 1640s – 1st successful iron works in U.S. (Saugus, Mass.) • 1855 – Bessemer Process • 1867 – Ead’s Bridge • 1920 – Arc Welding

4. Elements of Steel Construction • Advanced Planning • Steel Fabrication & Delivery to the Jobsite • Field Operations

5. Field Operations • Unload and Handle • “Yarding”-Unloading & Temp Storage • Shake Out and Haul ~ Identify each member & store in organized manner • Assemble • Bolt Up • Impact • Check Out - Inspection

8. Steel Erection Systems

9. Camber & Sweep

10. Types of Steel • A36 Carbon Structural Steel,FY= 36 ksi • A572 High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel,FY= 42 ksi or 65 ksi • A588 Corrosion-Resistant High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel,FY= 42 ksi or 65 ksi

11. Rolled Steel Shapes

12. W Shape: W24x62 24 is depth, 62 is weight Channel: C10 x 15.3 10 is depth, 15.3 is weight Angle: L5 x 3 x ¼ 5 and 3 are leg lengths, ¼ is leg thickness Rolled-Steel Shape Designations

13. K-series – range in depth from 8” to 30”; designed to span up to 60’ LH-series (Long span) – range in depth from 18” to 48”; can span up to 96’; require 4”-6” of end bearing surface. DLH-series (deep long span) – range in depth from 56” to 72”; can span up to 144’; same bearing requirements as LH Open-Web Steel Joist

14. Type of Joist Ends Long spans (LH) and deep long spans (DLH) typically require end bearing lengths

16. Steel Connection Methods

17. Steel Connection Methods • Drivers: • Constructability • Weld in shop; bolt in field • Economy • Structural Integrity • Local Practice

18. High-Strength Steel Bolts

20. Tension Control Bolts

21. Welding Techniques • Majority classified as either: • Arc Welding – depends on heat of an electric arc established between an electrode and the components to be welded. • Resistance Welding – a shop process in which the components are butted together and heat is generated in the seam by resistance of the metal to passage of an electric current.

22. Welding Techniques • Oxygen and Nitrogen in the air will produce a brittle weld. • Most arc processes shield the weld area from atmospheric contamination with a cloud of inert gas (most common gas in U.S. – helium. Argon is another alternative). • Shielded metal arc welding – most common arc process. • Uses a consumable metal stick electrode that is melted by the arc, deposits filler metal in the weld, and releases an inert gas around a weld area. TIG welding uses only a consumable filler.

23. Stick Welding

24. MIG Welding

25. TIG Welding

26. Welded Connections

27. Welds Single and Double Groove Joint Variations

28. Orbital Welding

29. Weld Types

30. Fireproofing

31. Steel Plans

32. Steel Plans

33. Column Splices

34. Beam-Column Connections

35. Beam-Column Connections

36. Steel Beam Systems

37. Steel Beam Systems

38. Beam-Girder Connections

39. Beam-Girder Connections

40. Moment or Shear Connection?

41. Moment or Shear Connection?

42. Moment or Shear Connection?

43. Metal Decking Form Decking Composite Decking Cellular Decking

44. Safety • Steel Erection is a hazardous construction task. • Causes of Accidents Among Structural Steel Workers – 2008 OSHA • Contact with Object – 51.1% • Falls – 19.2*% • Overexertion - 15.0%

45. Protective Equipment • Hard Hats, Gloves • Eye Protection for worker engaged in welding, cutting, and chipping operations • Protective measures against falls. • Temporary floors with guard rails, where possible. • Lifelines (Lanyards) and safety belts • safety nets Body Harnesses

48. CIS/2 • CIMSteel Integration Standards (CIS/2) • Product model and electronic data exchange file format for structural steel project information. • Allows structural drawings to be read in any vendor CAD package • CIMsteel – Computer Integrated Manufacturing of Constructional Steelwork • Endorsed by AISC