Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department

1. Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department Sustainable Breeding Schemes for Dairy Cattle in Myanmar Dr. Khin Maung Maung Director Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department

2. Introduction Significance of the Dairy Cattle Production • Tremendous potential for dairy cattle development • Improvement of the dairy products consumption • Replacement of the Dairy products importation • Self sufficient for the dairy products in the country • Improvement in • Family income • Food security • Natural resource management

3. Structure of Market oriental dairy farming system • Small holder farming (1-20 cows) • Feeding on agriculture residue and by products • Use of the cross breed dairy cattle • Sale of the most of the milk for income generation • Artificial Insemination and natural bull service • Lack of breeding program

4. Objective • To set up a sustainable breeding scheme base on a young sire program to provide breeding bulls for Artificial Insemination (AI) and Natural Breeding (NB) • Determination of the Nucleus size • Identification of factors affecting the genetic response

5. Young sire program • Evaluation of bulls on the basis of their ancestor performance • [Selection of the 100 super cows under 2000 recorded cows and breed them with superior bull frozen semen] • Features: • Short generation interval (minimum 3 years) • Low accuracies • Relatively high genetic response per year • Simple and least expensive breeding scheme

6. Study sites: • Dairy plays a significant role • Favorable access to livestock development service and milk market. • Yangon [estimated 5000 dairy cattle, base on the fresh milk market, ] • Nay Pyi Taw [Dairy development zone, estimated 1000 dairy cattle including small scale and intend to increase the dairy population as quick as possible] • Mandalay (Mandalay dis., Kyaukse dis.,Myingyan dis.) [estimated 10000 dairy cattle, base on the condense milk industry] • Meiktila [estimated 4000 dairy cattle, base on the condense milk industry] • Sagaing (Monywa) [estimated 1000 dairy cattle, base on the condense milk industry]

7. Methodology • Determination of the number of replacement bulls • Expected cow population in cross breeding scheme (20,000) • Expected AI breeding scheme 25% of total • Expected NS breeding scheme 75% of total • Semen production for a bull: 3000 dose/year • Natural Breeding for a bull: 40 service /year • Number of bull needed per year • Bull needed for AI: 3 bull/year (for frozen semen) • Bull needed for NB: 375 bull/year • Useful life of bull • For AI: 2 years/bull • For NB: 3 years/bull • AI technician needed • If 200 AI / technician/year • 25 technician needed for 5000 dose AI Replacement bull per year AI: 2 bulls per year NB: 126 bulls per year

8. Determination of the number of bull mother Factor affecting the number of bull mother required

9. Number of bull mothers required for the provision of breeding bulls

10. Breeding bull provision Purchasing of the breeding bulls from the potential farms (under recording scheme) • Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw, Mandalay, Meiktila, Sagaing (Monywa) • Sizable dairy cow population (2500) • Prevalent genotypes: 75-100% exotic • Management condition • Zero grazing • Feeding of improve rice straw, oil seed meal (cotton seed cake, sunflower cake, sesame cake, groundnut cake), locally available feed staff.

11. Possible impacts on cows population • Low grade cows (< 50% exotic genes) • Shift to milk production mainly through additive gene action • Middle grade cows (50-75% exotic gene) • Shift to milk production through additive gene action under good management condition • [Genotype X Environment interaction] • High grade cows (>75% exotic gene) • Maintain the high production under excellent management condition. (if poor management: production will be lesser than the low grade cows) • [Genotype X Environment interaction]

12. Target breeding scheme to high grade cows (>75% exotic gene)Parameters.....

13. Parameters....

14. Use of Male for Breeding

15. Yearly upgraded Female

16. Establishment of the local open nucleus based on the cow performance • Identification of superior cows to breed bull calves • First step: Establishment of the suitable recording scheme and organize the potential farms • Second step: Start the recording system by monitoring the LBVD staff • Third step: Continuous recording scheme essentially based on owner (farmer) control • Selection intensities for different nucleus sizes

17. Breeding Scheme Optimization Further strategies to improve genetic response

18. Conclusion • LBVD will control and supervise on the aspect of the genetic improvement base line and technical support • Extension of service activities to dairy production (health, feeding, milk processing, breeding) • Dairy association (potential farmers group) seem to be on adequate starting point for genetic improvement program • Establishment of the local breeding program should be sustainable for long run • Increasing the nucleus size allow for higher selection intensities. The optimum size, however, depend also on performance level and operation costs. • Good management plays a crucial role for achieving satisfactory genetic response through the increase of selection intensity (higher survival rate, lower calving interval). • An efficient recording system mainly based on farmers’ own recording is essential for the success of breeding program. • Training, active participation, women role in dairy production.

19. Cattle breeding scheme in Myanmar

20. Brief on Activities of Dairy Cattle Improvement Project (TCP/MYA/3201)

21. 1.Project StructureJointly conducted by the Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department and FAO • Executing Agency: Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department • Supporting Agency: FAO • Contribution: US$ 358,000 • Period: January 2008 to December 2009

22. 2.Objectives of the project • Training of trainers in dairy cattle feeding and management (TOT training and demonstration) • Establishment of a pilot performance recording scheme with modern analytical methods (identification of cows by milk yield, milk composition, low cost feeding trial) • Assistance to rehabilitate the AI service (Provision of equipments and importation of frozen semen)

24. 3.Expected outputsObjective 1: • Feeding and management review • Produce 10 trainers • Ration formulation with low cost and locally available feedstuffs • Develop training modules for outreach training

25. Objective 2: • Pilot recording scheme: 1000 cows in Yangon and 1000 cows in Mandalay • Identify superior cows, inseminate and produce next generation bulls for AI service • Develop feeding methods for more milk production based of performance recording • Expension of performance recording • Develop most appropriate levels of cross breeding

26. Objective 3: • Functional AI centre to produce quality semen • AI field service re-establish

27. 4.Workplan • Phase 1. Diagnosis and preparation (months 3) • Phase 2. Implementation (months 9) • Phase 3. Consolidation (months 10) • Phase 4. Recommendation and Follow-up (months 2) • Total : 24 months

29. Expert missions • Dr. Hans Wagnar (Lead Technical Officer, FAO), 2-9-2008 to 12-9-2008 • Dr. Leo Dempfle (International Genetic Expert ), 2-9-2008 to 28-9-2008 • Mr. Rene Sansoucy,( International Consultant for Nutrition and Dairy Cattle Feeding), 22-4-2008 to 11-5-2008, 13-1-2009 to 9-2-2009

31. Activities of Dr. Hans Wagnar (Lead Technical Officer, FAO) • Training of trainers for 10 project workers in Yangon on performance recording of reporduction • Recording procedure and computer operation in data analysis • Visits to project farms in Yangon to carry out project activities

32. Activities of Dr. Leo Dempfle (International Genetic Expert ) • Visits to project farms in Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw, Meiktila, Mandalay to carry out project activities • Training of trainers for 10 project workers in Mandalay on performance recording of reproduction • Visit to conventional goat farms in Mandalay Area

33. Activities of Mr. Rene Sansoucy (International Dairy Feeding Expert) • Practice the Nutritional article and practice the feeding • Demonstration and practical dairy cattle feeding • TOT Training for Dairy Feeding • Visit to the project farms, discuss feeding practices

34. General Suggestion and Recommendations • Milk yield in project farms are low (Average 6 kg/head /day) • Open cows number is increased • Feeding strategy needs to be corrected • Farmers in Yangon only focus on milk market not for improved breeding • Mandalay is great potential for dairy development • Farmers in Meiktila are interested in improved breeding but management is poor

36. BRUCELLOSIS • One participant from our country, Union of Myanmar • attended – The 1st and 2nd FAO-APHCA/OIE Regional Workshop on Brucellosis diagnosis and Control with an Emphasis on Br.melitensis held in Chiangmai, during 20-23 Oct,2008 and Khon Kaen, Thailand during 8-11 June,2009 respectively • Brought 2 vials of Rose Bengal (RB) Antigen produced by DLD of Thailand due to the financial support and collaboration of FAO-APHCA. • These antigen are very useful and effective for Brucellosis survey • Able to use as a standard antigen in compare with the RB antigen produced from our department LBVD, Myanmar.

37. Thank You For Your Kind Attention