Nation Building and Nationalism

Nation Building and Nationalism Chapter 9

Expansion and Migration EXPANSION AND MIGRATION Mississippi Valley John Q. Adams John Jacob Astor Settlers Transportation Transcontinental Treaty of 1819 furs Obstacle-Native Amer Became a network to accommodate transient lifestyle Indian Removal Act Sqatters-preemption rights Legend of the mountain men Family units “civilized” eastern existence transient

A revolution in transportation

Emergence of a market economy Slave labor High profit staple farming Market economy South-cotton New industrial development Factory System Regional concentra-tions Cotton gin As late as 1840-only 8.8% employed in factories credit Insured profits Need for banking Expansion of capital

The Politics of nation Building after the War of 1812 • Henry ______ called for an ________ system of protective tariffs and financed internal improvements. • A second ____ of the United States (1816) was chartered to promote the nation’s financial stability • James ________, projected the image of high-principled, disinterested statesman. He prized national harmony (nationalism) over economic prosperity • The __________ compromise (1820) temporarily settled the question of slavery status in the new states of the West. Nationalism was triumphant

Nation building cont… • The Supreme court made great contributions to nationalism. In decisions like McCulloch v.___________, the Supreme Court supported economic nationalism at the expense of certain state powers. • Recognizing the threat of a European Grand Alliance, President Monroe and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams issued the _______ ________, which was delivered as a warning to European powers that the US opposed further colonization and political interference in the Americas • This made little impression on the European powers

Multiple Choice #1 • 1. Between 1815 and 1824, the US • A. Grew rapidly in size and population • B. Was threatened by foreign invasion • C. Revised its form of government • D. Was unable to expand its economy • E. Invaded and occupied Canada • Answer: A

Multiple Choice #2 • 2. The first great federal transportation project was the • A. Building of the national roads • B. Lancaster turnpike • C. Erie Canal • D. Transcontinental railroad • E. Union and Pacific railroad • Answer: A

Multiple Choice #3 • 3. The Monroe Doctrine • A. Was immediately accepted by European powers • B. Had little significance for the US in 1823 • C. Opposed the independence of Spain’s Latin American colonies • D. Required too much money to enact • E. Made little impression on the European powers • Answer: E

Multiple Choice #4 • 4. John Quincy Adams was the handpicked selection for President by President Monroe. What office did he hold in the Monroe Administration? • A. Vice President • B. Ambassador to France • C. Secretary of War • D. Secretary of State • E. Secretary of Treasury • Answer: D

Multiple Choice #5 • 5. In 1823, John Quincy Adams believed the nation should • A. Form an alliance with the British • B. Avoid involvement in European affairs • C. Create an alliance with the newly independent Latin American nations • D. Control all affairs of the Western hemisphere • E. Wrest control of New Orleans from the Spanish • Answer: B Adams understood that the US should avoid intervention into purely European matters.

FRQ • Describe the evolution of American politics and actions toward Native Americans between 1816 and 1830

The Triumph of White Men’s Democracy Chapter 10

Democracy in Theory and Practice Social Equality-dominant principle Romanticism in American literature Suffrage Other practices Industrialization perpetuated inequality but not in terms of birth or privilege, but rather in terms of wealth Appealed to feelings and intuitions of ordinary people Property requirements dropped Workingmen’s parties emerged Supported virtue and middle-class sentiments Permanent two-party system became the forum for political ideas Abolitionists sought an end to slavery

Jackson and the politics of democracy • Popular hero who won the popular vote but denied the presidency b/c of the corrupt bargainbtwn Adams/Clay over the tariff of abominations (this would damage Adams administration) • Jackson-defeated Adams in 1828 • Democratic party • Most forceful president in history • Endorsed the spoils system • Removed the Indians in 1830-in the Trail of Tears • Felt nullification (which is states rights to set aside federal laws) as a major threat to federal authority • Handled it by suspending it

The Bank War and the 2nd party system Bank of the United States Second Party System Nicholas Biddle (pres of the bank) sought recharter in 1832 Jackson declared war on the bank He felt it violated the democratic society Jackson ordered that federal deposits be removed and deposited in selected “pet banks” The Whigs emerged in Jackson’s second term Led by Henry Clay & Daniel Webster Opposed the growth of presidential power Jackson ordered the specie circular to combat the growing depression He endorsed Martin Van Buren-won Lost in the 1840 to WhigWilliam Henry Harrison b/c of the depression

Heyday of the Second Party System WHIGS Promoted a “positive liberal state” Appealed to small farmers, workers, immigrants and Catholics Supported a market economy Government active and responsive economically Although wanted to restrain disorder and selfish individualism b/c they supported individualism and personal liberty

Multiple Choice #1 • 1. Andrew Jackson killed the national bank • A. by withdrawing federal deposits from it • B. through further legislation • C. through the actions of the Supreme court • D. by letting it expire in 1836 • E. by accusing Nicholas Biddle of treasonous acts • Answer: A

Multiple Choice #2 • 2. Andrew Jackson’s attitude toward Native Americans was that • A. they should be removed to areas beyond white expansion • B. they should be allowed to remain on their tribal lands • C. they should be assimilated into white society • D. they should be treated as equals to the white man • E. they should be exterminated • Answer: A

Multiple choice #3 • 3. John Quincy Adams’ victory in 1824 was aided by • A. Martin van Buren • B. John c Calhoun • C. Henry Clay • D. William Crawford • E. Nicholas Biddle • Answer : C • The election of 1824 was thrown to the House of Rep. Adams was elected after one of his competitors in the general Election, Henry Clay threw his support behind Adams. Adams then appointed Clay Secy of State

Multiple Choice #4 • 4. The “Trail of Tears” refers to • A. the destruction of the national bank • B. the forced relocation of the Cherokees to Oklahoma • C. passage of the tariff of abominations • D. the nullification controversy • E. the Oregon Trail and westward expansion • Answer: B

Multiple Choice #5 • 5. The nullification controversy occurred in the state of • A. Pennsylvania • B. Georgia • C. New York • D. South Carolina • E. New Jersey • Answer: D

FRQ • Illustrate why the 1830s should be referred to as the “Age of Democracy” • The 1830s was the era of Jacksonian Democracy. The people’s choice had been elected to the Presidency in Andrew Jackson. He had not been born of an aristocratic family, nor had he been a Washington insider. • The decade also brought more voting rights to more citizens. This in turn meant more people voting in elections. Many historians believe that this is what the founding fathers intended for the Republic

Slaves and their masters Chapter 11

The world of southern blacks SLAVES Resistance Slave lives varied according to region Vesey Conspiracy Under-ground railroad Family Ties Lower south-cotton belt-constituted ½ the population Religions Complicated as they were faced with a hostile white society Not always based on blood relations Formed a kinship African Methodist Episcopal Church

White society in the Antebellum South PLANTATION CULTURE-ELITES Small Slaveholders Elites Yeoman Farmers 20 of fewer slaves Owned land they worked themselves Hard working, self-made business men 88% of all slaveholders in the 1860s Ambitious-sought to become large scale Treated their slaves in a paternalistic manner Numerous arguments needed to justify slavery

Slavery and the Southern economy Upper South Lower South Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky Tobacco farming became less important They began importing (selling) slaves to the south Infant industries began Lower southern states (Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, etc) Cotton Gin and the introduction of “short-staple” cotton made cotton the single most important export and the most profitable business in the U.S. This dependency on cotton impeded industrialization in the South

Multiple choice #1 • 1. Slavery’s hold on the south was strengthened by the increasing importance of • A. rice • B. indigo • C. long-staple cotton • D. sugar cane • E. short staple cotton • Answer: E

Multiple choice #2 • 2. The yeoman farmer of the south was • A. a slave owner • B. shiftless • C. proud and self-reliant • D. much different from his northern counterpart • E. a squatter on unproductive land • Answer: C

Multiple choice #3 • 3. Southern apologists claimed the master-slave relationship was more humane than employer-worker relationships because • A. it offered more opportunities for job training • B. it afforded greater long-term security • C. slaves were not exploited as badly as free laborers • D. it was actually a freer relationship • E. it included women in the work force • Answer: B

Multiple choice #4 • 4. The conspiracy for slave rebellion uncovered in South Carolina in 1822 was led by • A. Denmark Vesey • B. Nat Turner • C. Gabriel Prosser • D. Frederick Douglass • E. George Fitzhugh • Answer: A

Multiple Choice #5 • 5. The foundation of the African American culture was • A. a shared language • B. political activity • C. art • D. music • E. religion • Answer: E

FRQ • How did the South’s reliance on a slave labor system restrict its ability to diversify its economy?

The Pursuit of Perfection

Nation Building and Nationalism