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World War II

Learn about the rise of dictators during World War II, including Italian Fascism, German Aggression, Soviet Union, Japanese Military, and the start of the war. Explore their motivations, actions, and the consequences of their aggression.

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World War II

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  1. World War II USH-7.1 – 7.4

  2. Rise of Dictators USH-7.1

  3. I. Italian Fascism • Italy felt they had been snubbed by the Treaty of Versailles • Hadn’t gotten enough land • Many felt the poor economic situation would lead to communism • They backed Benito Mussolini and his Black Shirts • He creates the Fascist Party

  4. I. Italian Fascism • Mussolini promised to fix the economy and improve the military • Elected prime minister in 1922 • Begins to dismantle democracy • Known as Il Duce • Used secret police • Ran Italy as a dictator by 1925

  5. II. Weimar Republic • War Guilt and reparations destroyed Germany • Economy was bad and got worse during Depression • Adolf Hitler • Fought for Germany during WWI • Believed in a strong gov’t and the elimination of the Jews

  6. II. Weimar Republic • He joined the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi) • In 1923, he attempted to take over Germany with the Beer Hall Putsch • Was arrested and jailed • Wrote Mein Kampf • Treaty of Versailles • Anti-Semitism • Anti-communism • Pan-Germanism

  7. II. Weimar Republic • Was appointed chancellor in 1933 (legally) • A fire burned down the Reichstag • He immediately blamed Communists and Jews • Gave himself dictatorial powers overnight • He rebuilt the economy and military • Did both by breaking rules set up by WWI • Told Germans who was to blame

  8. III. Soviet Union • The Bolsheviks win the Russian Civil War • Lenin dies in 1924 • Power struggle between: • Leon Trotsky (leader of Red Army) • IosebJugashvili (Communist Party Secretary) • Changes his name to Joseph Stalin

  9. III. Soviet Union • Stalin takes control through force • Trotsky is exiled and killed in Mexico • Starts collectives • Giant farms to grow more food w/mechanization • Unattainable goals and creates huge famines • Lowers standard of living • Resistance is met with prison camp or death

  10. III. Soviet Union • Five-Year Plans • Plans to industrialize USSR • Built hundreds of factories and became fully industrialized nation • To accomplish his goals, Stalin killed millions • Execution • Starvation • Abuse • Prison

  11. IV. Japanese Military • Japan was member of the Allies in WWI • Used the victory to expand • Needed raw materials • Saw lots in Manchuria • Part of China • Invaded and created a puppet gov’t of Manchukuo in 1931 • Left the League of Nations

  12. IV. Japanese Military • Military wants more power so they assassinate the prime minister • Military takes control • Led by Admiral Tojo • A group instead of an individual • Do not end the gov’t but use Emperor Hirohito as a puppet

  13. V. Commonalities • Dictatorial • Less freedom • More industrialization • More militarism • More nationalism • Promise to make terrible lives better • Give someone to blame for terrible life

  14. Aggression USH-7.1

  15. VI. Italian Aggression • Italy invaded and conquered Ethiopia in 1935 • Used large army, airplanes, and poison gas • Adds them to Eritrea and Italian Somliland • Adds Libya and Albania

  16. VII. German Aggression • Hitler wants lebensraum • “living space” for Germans • Sees lots of open land in Poland • Wants to use it to grow food to feed Germans • In 1935, Hitler began to rearm Germany against the Treaty of Versailles • In March of 1936, German troops entered the Rhineland • Was supposed to be demilitarized • Supposed to be a buffer for France

  17. VII. German Aggression • In 1936 Hitler and Mussolini signed a treaty • Berlin-Rome Axis • Anschluss • The annexation of Austria • Hitler asked for Austria to join Germany • Austrian gov’t said no • Hitler invaded • Austrian people were happy

  18. VII. German Aggression • Sudetenland • Hitler wanted part of Czechoslovakia that was full of Germans • GB, France, & Hitler meet in Munich • They let him take what he wants • Takes left side of Czechoslovakia • Appeasement • England and France wanted to avoid war so they did nothing to stop Hitler • The leaders met after Munich and claimed, “peace in our time.”

  19. VIII. Japanese Aggression • Continued attack on China • The Rape of Nanking was the Japanese killing and brutalizing over 100,000 Chinese • Began to spread through the rest of Southeast Asia and the Pacific • Joined with Germany & Italy in 1940 • Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis • Become the Axis Powers

  20. World War II Begins USH-7.1

  21. IX. European Theater – Part 1 • GB and France ally w/Poland to help if Hitler attacked (March ‘39) • Hitler and Stalin signed a 10 year Non-Aggression Pact (August ‘39) • September 1, 1939 • Hitler and Stalin attacked Poland • Used blitzkrieg • “Lightning War” • Split it in half • WWII has started

  22. IX. European Theater – Part 1 • Germany uses blitzkrieg through Western Europe • Attacks Denmark and Norway (April ‘40) • Attacks: (May ‘40) • Luxembourg (1 day) • Netherlands (5 days) • Belgium (3 weeks) • Attack France and totally capture it by June 22 • Create Vichy France as a puppet state

  23. IX. European Theater – Part 1 • Hitler begins the Battle of Britain (Aug – May 1941) • Operation Sea Lion • Largest air assault ever • German Luftwaffe vs. Royal Air Force (RAF) • 1,000 planes a day dropping bombs on England • Bomb military and civilian targets • RAF and radar help to defeat the Germans

  24. XIII. European Theater – Part 1 • Operation Barbarossa (June ‘41) • Hitler breaks pact and attacks the USSR • Many non-Russians are glad to see the Germans • Starts to get cold and Germans slow way down by Oct.

  25. X. Pacific Theater – Part 1 • Japan is expanding to get raw materials to build their war machine • US cuts off all oil/coal shipments to Japan (Oct ‘41) • December 7, 1941 • Japanese launch surprise attack on the US at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii • “Day that will live in infamy” • Brings the US into the war

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