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Earthquake Early Warning in California: Evaluating Hardware and Software

Explore the hardware and software evaluation of earthquake early warning systems in California by esteemed institutions like University of California, Berkeley and ETH Zurich. Learn about different methodologies and algorithms such as On-site, Virtual Seismologist, and ElarmS. Discover the real-time performance evaluation and testing conducted by the California Integrated Seismic Network from August 2006 to July 2009 for improved earthquake early warning capabilities.

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Earthquake Early Warning in California: Evaluating Hardware and Software

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  1. Earthquake Early Warning in California: Evaluating Hardware and Software University of California, Berkeley California Institute of Technology ETH Zurich USGS Pasadena Southern California Earthquake Center USGS Menlo Park Saya Systems Margaret Hellweg, Richard Allen, Maren Böse, Holly Brown, Georgia Cua, Doug Given, Egill Hauksson, Tom Heaton, Tom Jordan, Oleg Khainovski,Phil Maechling, Doug Neuhauser, David Oppenheimer, Kalpesh Solanki, Michael Zeleznik Funded by CISN California Integrated Seismic Network

  2. What is earthquake early warning? Seismic Stations P-wave fault S-wave

  3. Single station approach • minimal telemetry delays • but less robust • warning time is the S-P time • best chance of warning at epicenter  “On-site” method CISN EEW California Integrated Seismic Network What is earthquake early warning? 1st Station to detect P-wave arrival Issue warning? Seismic Stations P-wave fault S-wave

  4. What is earthquake early warning? Multiple stations detect P-wave arrival Seismic Stations P-wave fault S-wave

  5. What is earthquake early warning? Multiple stations detect P-wave arrival Estimate the extent of rupture Seismic Stations P-wave fault S-wave Rupture

  6. CISN EEW California Integrated Seismic Network Shaking What is earthquake early warning? Network based approach Multiple stations detect P-wave arrival Estimate the extent of rupture Issue warning • longer delay • but more robust • difficult to warn at epicenter • transmit warning ahead of shaking …greater warning times Seismic Stations P-wave fault S-wave  “ElarmS” and “Virtual Seismologist” methods Rupture

  7. Shaking What is earthquake early warning? More stations detect P-wave arrival Estimate the extent of rupture Issue warning More information  update warning Seismic Stations P-wave fault S-wave Rupture

  8. statewide testing CISN EEW California Integrated Seismic Network August 2006 – July 2009 Goal: evaluate real-time performance of early warning algorithms Aug ‘06 Year 1: Initial real-time outputs from EEW algorithms Year 2: Statewide processing; Add uncertainty estimates; website display Year 3: Evaluation of past and future performance Year 1: Initial real-time outputs from EEW algorithms Year 2: Statewide processing; Add uncertainty estimates; website display Year 3: Evaluation of past and future performance Currently at 28 mths Jul ‘09  specifications for implemented early warning system • equipment requirements (stations) • telemetry • processing …the next generation of geophysical networks

  9. CISN EEW California Integrated Seismic Network August 2006 – July 2009 State-wide testing • Distributed waveform processing • Each algorithms runs at one datacenter • Reporting to SCEC Goal: evaluate real-time performance of early warning methods Three algorithms: Archive/website SCEC/USC 1. Onsite warning (S11A-1727) Caltech/U. Taiwan 2. Virtual Seismologist (S11A-1724, S14B-06) Caltech/ETH 3. ElarmS (S11A-1726 , S11A-1725) UC Berkeley Algorithm Evaluation: UC Berkeley USGS Menlo Park Alert information and summaries (S11A-1728) SCEC/USC Caltech/USGS Pasadena

  10. CISN EEW California Integrated Seismic Network τc-Pd On-site Warning Algorithm(S11A-1727) 2007-2008: 58 earthquakes with 3.0 ≤ Mw ≤ 5.4 Mw5.4 Chino Hills 07/29/2008: 60 triggers Uncertainties after station corrections: Mw: ±0.5; log(PGV): ±0.3; MMI: ±0.7 HH estimated Mw=4.4…6.5 (median: 5.6) First estimate: Mw=5.6 (CI.PSR, 10 sec after O.T.) → 6 sec warning time at LA City Hall Magnitude Peak Ground Velocity Warning delays ~ 9-16 sec 10

  11. CISN EEW California Integrated Seismic Network Virtual seismologist (S11A-1724, S14B-06) • Regional network approach • Bayesian approach: Include likelihood of earthquake given past observations • e.g. Gutenberg-Richter relation and distribution of previous seismicity • Triggers on P-waves • Uses envelope functions of waveforms • Magnitude derived from 3 sec of the P-wave • Predicts the distribution of ground shaking • Finite fault discriminate Cua & Heaton 2007 Real-time in SC since 13 July 2008 • Initial estimate within 10-30 s • of origin time • Mw: ±1 for 97% of events Next steps: • Statewide processing • Site conditions • EQ/noise discrimination Yamada & Heaton in review

  12. CISN EEW California Integrated Seismic Network ElarmS-RT (S11A-1726 , S11A-1725) • Statewide (Nov 08) (waveform processing at UCB, USGS-MP and Caltech) • Regional network approach • Triggers on P-waves, uses arrival times, frequency and amplitude of P-wave. Uses PGA and PGV as they become available. • Predicts the distribution of ground shaking using ShakeMap approach  AlertMaps AlertMaps– ElarmS-RT – MW5.4 October 30, 2007 trigger time + 1 sec + 2 sec + 3 sec

  13. Testing Algorithm Performance(S11A-1728) CISN EEW California Integrated Seismic Network • Performance summaries (Location/Magnitude currently implemented) generated every night (2mo,4mo,6mo and cumulative time periods). • Generating Summaries for ElarmS (UCB), TauC (Caltech),and Virtual Seismologist ( ETH) • CISN EEW Testing site available at: http://www.scec.org/eew Login: guest Pwd: cisneew Magnitude Accuracy Warning Delay with current CISN network Theoretical Warning Delay with no telemetry or processing delays

  14. CISN EEW California Integrated Seismic Network Perspectives …

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