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Healthcare Fundamentals

Healthcare Fundamentals. Day 1 History of Medicine Medical Organizations. Objectives. Explain the development of medicine through the ages Introduce medical pioneers Identify national and international health organizations. Ancient Medicine.

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Healthcare Fundamentals

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  1. Healthcare Fundamentals Day 1 History of Medicine Medical Organizations

  2. Objectives • Explain the development of medicine through the ages • Introduce medical pioneers • Identify national and international health organizations

  3. Ancient Medicine • As long as society has existed, there have been people who have been responsible for fighting death and disease • Many of our “modern” medical terms can be traced back to the ancient Greeks and Romans

  4. Medical Terminology • Atlas • Achilles Tendon

  5. Human health linked to the spiritual • gods, goddesses, demons, humors etc • Ancient physicians were closer to spiritual practitioners than scientists

  6. Gods and Goddesses • Asclepius • Greek god of medicine • Caduceus • - Staff of Hermes

  7. Hygieia • goddess of health, cleanliness, sanitation • Panacea • goddess of cures, all healing • Around 5000 BC begin to see evidence of drugs, surgery, and other medical treatments

  8. Ancient Physicians • Hippocrates (~400 B.C.) • Father of Medicine • Helped to move medicine from mysticismto science • Hippocratic Oath

  9. Galen (162 AD) • Father of experimental physiology • Few challenged these ancient physicians until schools of medicine appeared • Ex Royal Academy of London - 1662

  10. Medical Pioneers • Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) • Belgian • “Father of Modern Anatomy” • Gabrielle Fallopius (1523-1562) • Italian • Student of Vesalius • Described and named various parts of anatomy

  11. William Harvey (1578-1657) • English • First to describe heart as muscular pump • Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) • Dutch • Discovered magnification • First “Bacteriologist”

  12. Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694) • Italian • First “Histologist” • Studies tissues and cells under the microscope • John Hunter (1728-1793) • English • “Founder of scientific surgery” • Studied tissue transfer • Developed artificial feeding methods

  13. Edward Jenner (1749-1823) • English • Developed smallpox vaccine (first vaccination) • Leopold Auenbrugger (1722-1809) • Austrian • Use of percussion in diagnosis

  14. Rene Laennec (1781-1826) • French • Developed the stethoscope • Ignaz Philipp Semmelweiss (1818-1865) • Hungarian • Pioneer in the field of germ theory and infection

  15. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) • French • “Father of Bacteriology” • Pasteurization • Pioneer in germ theory

  16. Joseph Lister (1827-1912) • “Father of Sterile Surgery” • Developed antiseptic methods

  17. Robert Koch (1843-1910) • Bacteriologist • Koch’s Postulates • Cholera • Tuberculin

  18. Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) • Chemotherapy • Syphilis – formula 606 • Crawford Williamson Long (1815-1878) • Use of ether as an anesthetic agent • Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen (1845-1922) • Discovered x-rays • Marie and Pierre Curie • Discovered radium and radiation

  19. Women in Medicine • Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) • Founder of formal nursing • Founded first nursing school in London in 1860 • Clara Barton (1821-1912) • Helped form Bureau of Records • First president of the American Red Cross • Dr. Emily Stowe (1831-1903) • First Canadian woman to practice medicine in Canada • Jennie Trout • First Canadian woman to be licensed by the College of Physicians and Surgeons

  20. 20th Century Medical Pioneers • Sir Alexander Fleming • Discovered penicillin • Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin • Developed polio vaccine • Christiaan Barnard • First human heart transplant

  21. Canadian Medical Pioneers • Frederick Banting and Charles Best • Development of insulin as treatment for diabetes • Frederick Tisdall, Theodore Drake, Alan Brown • Developed Pablum at Sick Kid’s Hospital in Toronto

  22. Dr. Wilder Penfield • Mapped brain • Developed a surgical treatment for epilepsy “Montreal Procedure” • Wilfred Bigelow • Development of pacemaker • Use of hypothermia for open-heart surgery • Gordon Murray • Cardiac surgery in children

  23. International Health Organizations • World Health Organization (WHO) • Founded in 1948 • Agency of the United Nations • Objective: “the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health” • Set world standards and give guidance • Accomplishments: • Eradication of smallpox • Possible eradication of polio and leprosy

  24. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) • Based in Atlanta, Georgia • US Federal Agency concerned with health and safety • Researches origin, control and prevention of disease • National Institutes of Health (NIH) • Medical and behavioural research • Bethesda, Maryland

  25. Canadian Health Organizations • Health Canada • Federal ministry of health • Administers Canada Health Act • Minister Leona Aglukkaq • Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care • Provides health insurance, drug benefits, long-term and home care, health promotion and disease prevention • Minister Deb Matthews

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