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Research Report

Influential Figures. Research Report. Plato. 429–347 B.C.E. ancient Greek philosopher, the second of the great trio of ancient—who between them laid the philosophical foundations of Western culture Plato developed a profound and wide-ranging system of philosophy. Socrates. 469–399 B.C.E

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Research Report

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  1. Influential Figures Research Report

  2. Plato • 429–347 B.C.E. • ancient Greek philosopher, the second of the great trio of ancient—who between them laid the philosophical foundations of Western culture • Plato developed a profound and wide-ranging system of philosophy

  3. Socrates • 469–399 B.C.E • Greek philosopher whose way of life, character, and thought exerted a profound influence on ancient and modern philosophy.

  4. Aristotle • 384–322 B.C.E • the author of a philosophical and scientific system that became the framework and vehicle for both Christian Scholasticism and medieval Islamic philosophy

  5. Maximilien deRobespierre • May 6, 1758 - July 28, 1794 • one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution • largely dominated the Committee of Public Safety and was instrumental in the period of the Revolution commonly known as the Reign of Terror, which ended with his arrest and execution in 1794.

  6. Adolf Hitler • April 20, 1889 - April 30, 1945 • leader of the National Socialist (Nazi) Party (from 1920/21) and chancellor (Kanzler) and Führer of Germany (1933–45)

  7. Winston Churchill • Nov. 30, 1874 - Jan. 24, 1965 • British statesman, orator, and author who as prime minister (1940–45, 1951–55) rallied the British people during World War II and led his country from the brink of defeat to victory.

  8. John F. Kennedy • May 29, 1917 - November 22, 1963 • 35th president of the United States (1961–63), who faced a number of foreign crises, especially in Cuba and Berlin, but managed to secure such achievements as the Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty and the Alliance for Progress

  9. Harry S. Truman • May 8, 1884 - December 26, 1972 • 33rd president of the United States (1945–53), who led his nation through the final stages of World War II and through the early years of the Cold War, vigorously opposing Soviet expansionism in Europe and sending U.S. forces to turn back a communist invasion of South Korea.

  10. Franklin D. Roosevelt • January 30, 1882 - April 12, 1945 • The only president elected to the office four times, Roosevelt led the United States through two of the greatest crises of the 20th century: the Great Depression and World War II.

  11. Sigmund Freud • May 6, 1856 - Sept. 23, 1939 • Austrian neuropsychologist, founder of psychoanalysis, and one of the major intellectual figures of the 20th century

  12. Albert Einstein • March 14, 1879 - April 18, 1955 • German-born physicist who developed the special and general theories of relativity and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect

  13. Ronald Reagan • February 6, 1911 - June 5, 2004 • 40th president of the United States (1981–89), noted for his conservative Republicanism, his fervent anticommunism, and his appealing personal style, characterized by a jaunty affability and folksy charm.

  14. Barack Obama • August 4, 1961 – present • the 44th president of the United States—and the first African-American to hold this office.

  15. Martin Luther • Nov. 10, 1483 - Feb. 18, 1546 • German priest who sparked the Reformation

  16. John Calvin • July 10, 1509 - May 27, 1564 • French Protestant theologian and major figure of the Reformation

  17. Martin Luther King Jr. • January 15, 1929 - April 4, 1968 • Baptist minister and social activist who led the civil rights movement in the United States from the mid-1950s until his death by assassination in 1968

  18. Malcolm X • May 19, 1925 - February 21, 1965 • African American leader and prominent figure in the Nation of Islam, who articulated concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early 1960s

  19. Booker T. Washington • April 5, 1856 - Nov. 14, 1915 • educator and reformer, first president and principal developer of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (now Tuskegee University), and the most influential spokesman for black Americans between 1895 and 1915.

  20. W.E.B. DuBois • February 23, 1868 - August 27, 1963 • American sociologist, the most important black protest leader in the United States during the first half of the 20th century

  21. Vladimir Lenin • April 22, 1870 - Jan. 21, 1924 • Founder of the Russian Communist Party, leader of the Russian Revolution of 1917, and architect and builder of the Soviet state

  22. Joseph Stalin • Dec. 21, 1879 - March 5, 1953 • Soviet politician and dictator

  23. Mao Tse Tung • Dec. 26, 1893 - Sept. 9, 1976 • Chinese Marxist theorist, soldier, and statesman who led China's communist revolution and served as chairman of the People's Republic of China (1949–59) and chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP; 1931–76)

  24. Benjamin Franklin • Jan. 17, 1706 - April 17, 1790 • American printer and publisher, author, inventor and scientist, and diplomat. One of the foremost of the Founding Fathers, Franklin helped draft the Declaration of Independence and was one of its signers, represented the United States in France during the American Revolution, and was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention

  25. Thomas Jefferson • April 2, 1743 - July 4, 1826 • draftsman of the Declaration of Independence of the United States and the nation's first secretary of state (1789–94), second vice president (1797–1801), and, as the third president (1801–09), the statesman responsible for the Louisiana Purchase.

  26. Julius Caesar • July 12/13, 100? - March 15, 44 • celebrated Roman general and statesman, the conqueror of Gaul (58–50 ), victor in the Civil War of 49–45 , and dictator (46–44 ), who was launching a series of political and social reforms when he was assassinated by a group of nobles in the Senate House on the Ides of March.

  27. Gandhi • October 2, 1869 - 1948 • a pioneer of Satyagraha, or resistance through mass non-violent civil disobedience, he became one of the major political and spiritual leaders of his time

  28. John Locke • August 29, 1632 - October 28, 1704 • English philosopher who was an initiator of the Enlightenment in England and France, an inspirer of the U.S. Constitution, and the author of, among other works, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, his account of human knowledge, including the “new science” of his day—i.e., modern science.

  29. Voltaire • Nov. 21, 1694 - May 30, 1778 • French writer • became acclaimed for his tragedies and continued to write for the theatre all his life

  30. Jean-Jacques Rousseau • June 28, 1712 - July 2, 1778 • Swiss-French philosopher • Rousseau's belief in the natural goodness of man set him apart from Roman Catholic writers who, like him, were hostile to the idea of progress

  31. Nelson Mandela • July 18, 1918 – present • South African statesman and president (1994-99)

  32. John Quincy Adams • July 11, 1767 - February 23, 1848 • eldest son of President John Adams and sixth president of the United States (1825–29). • In his prepresidential years he was one of America's greatest diplomats (formulating, among other things, what came to be called the Monroe Doctrine); • In his postpresidential years (as U.S. congressman, 1831–48) he conducted a consistent and often dramatic fight against the expansion of slavery

  33. Kaiser Wilhelm II • last German Emperor and King of Prussia, ruling both the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918

  34. Leon Trotzky • a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist • one of the leaders of the Russian October Revolution, second only to Vladimir Lenin

  35. John Hancock • The signature of John Hancock on the Declaration of Independence is the most flamboyant and easily recognizable of all. • He played an instrumental role, sometimes by accident, and other times by design, in coaxing the American Revolution into being.

  36. Patrick Henry • served as the first and sixth post-colonial Governor of Virginia from 1776 to 1779 and subsequently, from 1784 to 1786. • A prominent figure in the American Revolution, Henry is known and remembered for his "Give me Liberty, or give me Death!" speech • one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

  37. Samuel Adams • Tax-collector; Elected to Massachusetts Assembly, 1765; Delegate to the First Continental Congress, 1774; Signed Declaration of Independence, 1776; Member of Massachusetts State constitutional convention, 1781; Appointed Lieutenant Governor of Mass., 1789; Elected Governor of Massachusetts, 1794-'97.

  38. Abraham Lincoln • served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. • He successfully led his country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union and ending slavery.

  39. Henry Cabot Lodge • was an American statesman, a Republican politician, and a noted historian. • While he did not claim the title, he is considered to be the first Senate majority leader.

  40. Benito Mussolini • Italianpolitician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism. • He became the 40thPrime Minister of Italy in 1922 and began using the title Il Duce by 1925

  41. Chiang Kai-shek • a political and military leader of 20th century China. • In 1928, Chiang led the Northern Expedition to unify the country, becoming China's overall leader

  42. Abigail Adams • November 22, 1744 - October 28, 1818 • Abigail Adams is best known as the wife of President John Adams and for her extensive correspondence. She was also the mother of John Quincy Adams who became the sixth president of the United States

  43. Susan B. Anthony • February 15, 1820 - March 13, 1906 • Women's rights activist, social reformer, editor, and writer. • fought for women’s rights, especially the right to vote

  44. Eleanor Roosevelt • the First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945. • She supported the New Deal policies of her husband, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and became an advocate for civil rights. • After her husband's death in 1945, Roosevelt continued to be an internationally prominent author, speaker, politician, and activist for the New Deal coalition. • She worked to enhance the status of working women, although she opposed the Equal Rights Amendment because she believed it would adversely affect women.

  45. Mary Lyon • A schoolteacher from Massachusetts, an American pioneer,a remarkable woman who founded the worldwide modelof higher education for women--Mount Holyoke College.

  46. Cleopatra • The last Ptolemaic ruler of Egypt. Cleopatra sought to defend Egypt from the expanding Roman Empire. • In doing so she formed relationships with 2 of Rome’s most powerful leaders Marc Anthony and Julius Caesar. • These relationships have been depicted in Romantic terms, although in reality they may have been political alliances.

  47. Elizabeth I • Queen of England during a time of great economic and social change, she saw England cemented as a Protestant country. • During her reign she witnessed the defeat of the Spanish Armada leaving Britain to later become one of the world’s dominant superpowers.

  48. Harriet Beecher Stowe • Harriet Beecher Stowe was a life long anti slavery campaigner. • Her novel “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” was a best seller and helped to popularise the anti slavery campaign. • Abraham Lincoln would later remark her books were a major factor behind the American civil war.

  49. Mother Teresa • Devoting her life to the service of the poor and dispossessed Mother Teresa became a global icon for selfless service to others. • Through her missionary of Charities organization she personally cared for 1000s of sick and dying people in Calcutta. • She was awarded the Nobel Peace prize in 1979.

  50. Rosa Parks • Rosa Parks refusal to give up her bus seat to a white man indirectly led to some of the most significant civil rights legislation of American history. • She sought to play down her role in the civil rights struggle but for her peaceful and dignified campaigning she became one of the most well respected figures in the civil rights movements.

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