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KEY CONCEPT Bacteria and archaea are both single-celled prokaryotes.

Learn about the structural and molecular characteristics of prokaryotes - Bacteria and Archaea. Discover their shapes, cellular components, and survival strategies. Understand the differences between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

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KEY CONCEPT Bacteria and archaea are both single-celled prokaryotes.

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  1. KEY CONCEPT Bacteria and archaea are both single-celled prokaryotes.

  2. Prokaryotes are widespread on Earth. • Prokaryotes can be grouped by their need for oxygen. • obligate anaerobesare poisoned byoxygen • obligate aerobes need oxygen • facultative aerobes can live with or without oxygen

  3. Lactobacilli: rod-shaped Spirochaeta: spiral Enterococci: spherical Bacteria and archaea are structurally similar but have different molecular characteristics. • Bacteria commonly come in three forms. • rod-shaped, called bacilli • spiral, called spirilla or spirochetes • spherical, called cocci • Archaea have many shapes.

  4. pili plasmamembrance flagellum chromosome cell wall plasmid This diagram shows the typical structure of a prokaryote. Archaea and bacteria look very similar, although they have important molecular differences. • plasmid • flagellum • pili • Bacteria and archaea have similar structures.

  5. GRAM NEGATIVE GRAM POSITIVE • The amount of peptidoglycan within the cell wall can differ between bacteria • Bacteria and archaea have molecular differences. • Archaea have different lipids entirely

  6. Gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and stain red. Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer and stain purple. • stains polymer peptidoglycan • gram-positive stains purple, more peptidoglycan • gram-negative stains pink, less peptidoglycan • Gram staining identifies bacteria.

  7. conjugation bridge TEM; magnification 6000x Bacteria have various strategies for survival. • Prokaryotes exchange genes during conjugation. • Bacteria may survive by forming endospores.

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