KEY CONCEPT Animal-like protists are single-celled heterotrophs that can move.

1. KEY CONCEPTAnimal-like protists are single-celled heterotrophs that can move. Also called protozoa

2. macronucleus contractile vacuole food vacuole oral groove micronucleus cilia Animal-like protists move in various ways. • Animal-like protists are often called protozoa.

3. Macronucleus – the “brain”; controls cell activities • Micronucleus – has the chromosomes; controls reproduction • Contractile vacuole – expels extra water; works like a “sump pump” • Oral groove – “mouth”

4. Protozoa with flagella are zooflagellates. • flagella help zooflagellates swim • May have 1 or more flagella • more than 2000 zooflagellates

5. Some protists move with pseudopods. • change shape as they move • Use pseudopodia for moving and feeding • amoebas

6. Some protists move with pseudopods. • change shape as they move • amoebas • foraminifera

7. Some protozoa move with cilia. macronucleus contractile vacuole food vacuole oral groove micronucleus cilia • also called ciliates • cilia help protists swim and capture food • more than 8000 ciliates • Ex: Paramecium

8. Protists cause some well-known infectious diseases. human liver sporozoites liver cells developed parasites red blood cells Some animal-like protists cause disease. • Malaria is caused by Plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes. (Anopheles) • Sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma and spread by Tsetse flies. • Giardiasis is caused by Giardia and spread through water. Malaria Infection http://www.animalplanet.com/tv-shows/monsters-inside-me/videos/malaria-parasite/

9. Genetic relationship to malaria and Sickle Cell Anemia • AA – normal red blood cells, no malaria resistance, may die • Aa – some Sickle cell symptoms, resistance to malaria, so live • aa – have Sickle Cell Anemia, may die, have resistance to malaria ( but so what? Die anyway)