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The Cold War

The Cold War. Communist China and The Korean War. Communist China. Nationalists vs. Communists Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek Communist led by Mao Zedong. NATIONALISTS. VS. COMMUNISTS. Nationalists. Control southern and eastern China Rely on aid from US

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The Cold War

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  1. The Cold War Communist China and The Korean War

  2. Communist China • Nationalists vs. Communists • Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek • Communist led by Mao Zedong NATIONALISTS VS. COMMUNISTS

  3. Nationalists • Control southern and eastern China • Rely on aid from US • Struggle with inflation and bad economy • Weak leadership / poor morale • Many Americans impressed with him • US officials see his government as corrupt and inefficient • Still favored by the US for anti-Communism

  4. Communists • Control Northern China • Rely on USSR for aid • Attract peasants with promise of reform • Experienced leadership and guerilla army • “Red Army” • Communist army of northern China

  5. Renewed Civil War • US will not send troops, only supplies • Nationalist peasants turn Communist • May 1949 Chiang Kai-shek and followers flee to Taiwan • Communists now rule all of China • Establish People’s Republic of China • Not recognized by US

  6. Occupation of Korea • CONTAINMENT HAS FAILED! • US State Dept. claims Nationalists fall due to internal forces • Control of Korea • North of 38th parallel, Soviet • South of the 38th parallel, US • …another US/USSR conflict!

  7. COMMUNIST (SOVIET BACKED) DEMOCRATIC (AMERICAN BACKED)

  8. The Korean War • North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) • Led by Kim Il Sung > communist • Capital in Pyongyang • South Korea (Republic of Korea) • Headed by Syngman Rhee > democratic • Capital in Seoul Kim Il Sung (North) vs. Syngman Rhee (South)

  9. North Korea Attacks! • June 25, 1950 • NK surprise attacks SK • SK calls on UN to help stop invasion • Truman and 16 UN nations send help • US and UN Command under MacArthur • Surprise attack at Inchon and Pusan • ½ of all NK troops surrender • UN push north and approach Yalu River • Border between China and Korea

  10. Stage 1: NK Attacks Stage 2: NK Drives South

  11. Stage 3: US Surprise Attack Stage 3: US at Chinese Border

  12. Helloooooo Red Army • Zhou En-lai • China’s foreign minister • “not let Americans come to the border” • 300,000 Chinese troops join war on NK side • Chinese drive UN troops south • By January 1951, all UN south of 38th parallel • Chinese capture Seoul • 2 year stalemate

  13. Stage 4: Chinese push south End: Stalemate/Truce

  14. MacArthur returns…again… • MacArthur calls to extend war into China • Calls for use of nukes • Idea rejected by Truman, cause WW III • US and UN advance north • Retake Seoul from NK and move northward • MacArthur vs. Truman • MacArthur tries to go over Truman’s head • Public criticizing of Truman • Truman fires MacArthur!

  15. End of Korean War • Unexpected ceasefire by USSR • June 23, 1951 • Truce Agreements (1953) • Ceasefire line at current occupation lines • Demilitarized zone (DMZ) between the lines • Election of 1952 • Costs of war cause low Democrat support • Elect the Dwight D. Eisenhower

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