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2013 edition Wilfred E. Major wmajor@lsu

Ancient Greek for Everyone: A New Digital Resource for Beginning Greek Unit 6: Prepositions Classical Reading. 2013 edition Wilfred E. Major wmajor@lsu.edu. Ancient Greek for Everyone. This class Unit 6 Classical reading. Be able to: read the sentences aloud

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2013 edition Wilfred E. Major wmajor@lsu

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  1. Ancient Greek for Everyone:A New Digital Resource for Beginning Greek Unit 6: Prepositions Classical Reading 2013 edition Wilfred E. Major wmajor@lsu.edu

  2. Ancient Greek for Everyone • This class • Unit 6 Classical reading. • Be able to: • read the sentences aloud • parse each verb, noun and pronoun • translate the sentences into English.

  3. Ancient Greek for Everyone • The oldest surviving script of a play in the world is Persians by Aeschylus, originally performed in 472 BC. • In 479 BC, the Greeks had scored a shocking naval victory over the Persians at the Battle of Salamis. Aeschylus himself had fought in the battle. This play dramatizes the news of this defeat reaching the Persian capital. • The play begins with a chorus of old Persian men singing about the attack on Greece by the current Persian king, Xerxes. They have not yet heard the fate of the Persian forces. • The Queen of Persia enters (unnamed by Aeschylus, but her name was Atossa). She is the mother of Xerxes (and wife of the previous king, Darius).

  4. Ancient Greek for Everyone • The Queen reports an ominous dream. At one point in the dream: Ξέρξης πέπλους ῥήγνυσιν ἀμφὶ σώματι. Aeschylus Persians 199 πέπλον (accpl) ὁ robe ῥήγνυμιrip, break Ξέρξης (nom sg) ὁ Xerxes

  5. Ancient Greek for Everyone • A couplet from Aeschylus’ lost play Ἡλιάδες(Daughters of the Sun) has this to say about Zeus: Ζεύς ἐστιν αἰθήρ, Ζεὺς δὲ γῆ, Ζεὺς δ’οὐρανός, Ζεύς τοι τὰ πάντα... Aeschylus fr. 70 οὐρανός(nomsg) ὁ sky πάντα(nom/accpl) τό everything τοι= a conversational particle that means “really, you know” αἰθήρ–έρος ὁ air γῆ (nom sg) ἡ earth Ζεύς, Διός ὁ Zeus

  6. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Words of encouragement from a lost play of Euripides: δι’ ἐλπίδος ζῆ καὶ δι’ ἐλπίδος τρέφου. Euripides Phrixusfr. 826 ζῆ live! (a command) τρέφου take your nourishment! (a command)

  7. Ancient Greek for Everyone • In one of Plato’s dialogues, conversation turns to discussion of why children can be so different from their parents. At one point, one of the participants, Protagoras, cautions that they should not yet pass judgment on two young men in the room: ἔτι γὰρ ἐν αὐτοῖς εἰσιν ἐλπίδες· νέοι γάρ. Plato Protagoras 328d ἔτι yet, still νέοι (nom pl) ὁ young

  8. Ancient Greek for Everyone • The Athenian orators Aeschines and Demosthenes were long engaged in a bitter public feud while Philip II of Macedon was gradually taking control of Greece. Each accused the other of corruption. Here Aeschines has charged that Demosthenes lied about ambassadors being sent to Macedonia: τὰ δὲ σώματά ἐστιν αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ, ἀλλ’ Ἀθήνησι. Aeschines 2.58 Ἀθήνησι(dat) ἡ Athens Μακεδονίᾳ (datsg) ἡ Macedonia

  9. Ancient Greek for Everyone • From a lawsuit about an investment loan. At one point the prosecutor asks: διὰ τί ἡμῖν οὐκ ἀποδίδως τὰ χρήματα; Demosthenes 56.32 ἡμῖν (datpl) us χρῆμα –ατος τό thing (pl.) money

  10. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Aristotle summarizes the argument that there is an infinite number of atoms: ἐπεὶ διαφέρει τὰ σώματα σχήμασιν, ἄπειρα δὲ τὰσχήματα, ἄπειρα καὶ τὰ ἁπλᾶ σώματά φασιν εἶναι. Aristotle 303a10-12 διαφέρει (3rdsg) differ σχῆμα –ατος τό shape ἁπλᾶ (nom/accpl) τό simple, singular ἄπειρα (nom/accpl) τό infinite

  11. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Aristotle is discussing respiration among sea animals. Crustaceans, he says, must expel the water that they take in with their food, and: τὰ μὲν οὖν μαλακόστρακα, οἷον οἵ τε καρκίνοι καὶ οἱ κάραβοι, παρὰ τὰ δασέα ἀφιᾶσι τὸ ὕδωρ διὰ τῶνἐπιπτυγμάτων. Aristotle 477a2-4 δασέα (nom/accpl) τό hairy (part) ἐπίπτυγμα –ατος τό fold, flap κάραβοι (nom pl) ὁ crab καρκίνοι (nom pl) ὁ crawfish μαλακόστρακα (nom/accpl) τό crustacean οἷονfor example ὕδωρ, ὕδατος τό water

  12. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Aristotle reports on the pain a female heron feels during copulation: κράζει τε γὰρ καὶ αἷμα, ὡς φασίν, ἀφίησιν ἐκ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν... Aristotle 483b15-17 ὀφθαλμῶν (gen pl)ὁ eyes κράζει (3rdsg) cries

  13. Ancient Greek for Everyone • From a report on white bears in the region of Mysia. Whenever anyone comes near them, ἀφιᾶσιν ἐκ τοῦ στόματος φλέγμα πάμπολύ τι, ὡς ἔοικεν, ὃ προσφυσᾷ πρὸς τὰ πρόσωπα τῶν κυνῶν, ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων… Aristotle 845a21-23 ἀνθρώπων (gen pl)humans ἔοικενit seems κυνῶν (gen pl) ὁ dogs πάμπολυ (nom/accsg) τό whole lot προσφυσᾷ (3rdsg) blows πρόσωπα (nom/accpl) τό faces φλέγμα –ατος τό phlegm, vomit ὡσαύτως in the same way

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