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CANKAYA UNIVERSITY OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES -ENGLISH UNIT-

CANKAYA UNIVERSITY OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES -ENGLISH UNIT-. VOCABULARY PRESENTATION FOR ENG 205 COURSE WEEKS 5-6-7. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UNIT 2. What do you know about the following ?. Supercomputer Mainframe Minicomputer Personal Computer (PC).

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CANKAYA UNIVERSITY OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES -ENGLISH UNIT-

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  1. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES-ENGLISH UNIT- VOCABULARY PRESENTATION FOR ENG 205 COURSE WEEKS 5-6-7

  2. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UNIT 2

  3. What do youknowaboutthefollowing? • Supercomputer • Mainframe • Minicomputer • PersonalComputer (PC)

  4. Therearedifferenttypes of computer of varying size andpower, includingthefollowing: • Supercomputer This is themostpowerfultype of mainframe.

  5. What Are the Uses of a Supercomputer? • Since its creation in the 1960s, the supercomputer has been used by a variety of large companies and colleges in an effort to conduct research that otherwise would not be possible. Because supercomputers can crunch numbers at a far superior rate than humans as well as work in a multidimensional way, the devices are essential to modern studies and research.

  6. What Are the Uses of a Supercomputer? • Quantum Mechanics Supercomputers are used heavily in the processing of information on quantum mechanics. They are used to study physical systems at the atomic level.

  7. What Are the Uses of a Supercomputer? • Weather Large-scale weather forecasting, such as that of global climate change, needs to use supercomputers in order to take into account globally changing conditions.

  8. What Are the Uses of a Supercomputer? • Modeling Intensive modeling is conducted using supercomputers. This is useful for molecular studies, polymer research, chemical composition and simulations such as wind tunnel research.

  9. What Are the Uses of a Supercomputer? • Military Military applications are very elaborate. From organizing war games to studying the effects of nuclear detonations on a large scale, many militaries across the planet use supercomputers.

  10. What Are the Uses of a Supercomputer? • Grand Challenge Unsolved problems (known as "Grand Challenge" problems) are frequently the subject of supercomputer use. Examples of this include mathematical problems and protein-folding techniques.

  11. Anotherlargeandverypowerfulcomputertype is… • Mainframe It’slarge, verypowerful, multi-user i.e. can be usedbymanypeople at thesame time, multi-tasking i.e. can runmanyprogramsandprocessdifferentsets of data at thesame time.

  12. Mainframecomputers • Mainframes (often referred to as Big Iron) are used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction processing.

  13. Minicomputers • A minicomputer is a class of multi-usercomputersthatlies in themiddlerange of thecomputingspectrum, in betweenthelargestmulti-usersystems (mainframecomputers) andthesmallestsingle-usersystems (microcomputersorpersonalcomputers).

  14. PersonalComputers (PCs) • Single-usergroup of computersincluding; -desktopcomputers -workstation (usedforgraphicdesign, etc.) -portablePCs (can operatewithbatteries) -laptops -notebooks -handheldPCs (PDAs, pen-basedcomputersetc.)

  15. STARTER !! The most powerful type of mainframe • Supercomputer • Mainframe • Workstation • Desktop • Portable • Entertainment console • Mobile phone Large, very powerful, multi-user & multi-tasking The most powerful type of desktop, used for graphic design, etc. Suitable size for sitting on an office desk Can be carried around & can operate with batteries

  16. Payroll data(n.phr.): A list of employees receiving wages or salaries, with the amounts due to each. Wheneverthere is a change in theamounts of salary, theaccountant has torearrangethepayroll. Keep in touchwith(phr.v): to maintain communication with someone; to maintain up-to-date knowledge about someone or something After my neighbor moved, we still remained in touch.

  17. Matchthefollowingdevicestotheirpossibleusers.(p.10) 1) Studentusing a computerforentertainmentwhiletraveling 2) Largecompanyprocessingpayroll data 3) Travelingsalespersongiving marketing presentations 4) Largescientificorganizationprocessingwork on nuclearresearch 5) Businesspersonkeeping in touchwithclientswhiletraveling 6) Graphicdesigner 7) Secretarydoing general officework • Supercomputer • Mainframe • Workstation • Desktop • Portable • EntertainmentConsole • Mobile phone

  18. Answers • 1) f • 2) b • 3) e • 4) a • 5) g • 6) c • 7) d

  19. What do these abbreviations mean? Compact disk read only memory • CD-ROM • TFT • MB • GHz • FSB • SDRAM • XGA Thin film transistor A set of connectors used for carrying signals btw the different parts of a computer Megabyte Gigahertz Front side bus Synchronous dynamic random access memory Extended graphics array

  20. New Vocabulary Process(v): To perform operations on data. e.g. Themainprocessingchip Processor(n): A part of a computer, such as the central processing unit, that performs calculations or other manipulations of data. Hard drive (n.phr.) : A disk drive that reads data stored on hard disks. Also called hard disk drive

  21. Multimedia features (n.phr.): relating to an application that can combine text, graphics, full-motion video, and sound into an integrated package RAM (Random Access Memory): a type of memory that holds the program instructions and the data that is being used by the processor.

  22. interface (n.): The layout of an application's graphic or textual controls in conjunction with the way the application responds to user activity

  23. Synchronous(adj.): Occurring or existing at the same time Asynchronous(adj.): not synchronous A computerdoes a lot of synchronousdeedssuch as downloading a file andrunning anti virus program. Output(n.) : theinformation, soundetcthatgetoutbythecomputer Adjustthesoundoutput of yourcomputerifyouaregoingto listen to a MP3

  24. resolution (n.):  the amount of detail that you can see on a television or computer screen, or in aphotograph Thescreenresolution of newlyproduced HD Tvs is generallyhigh.

  25. Howtoread a computer ad (p.11) • 1GB • Hard drive, CD-RW drive • 19” • 3GHz • 200GB • Microsoft Windows XP professional • Video card, integratedaudio, CD-RW drive

  26. Whatarethefeatures of yourcomputer?

  27. SPEAKING TIME Ask questionstoyour partner so as tofindoutthefeatures of his/her computer. Notedown his/her answers on thetable. How can you ask tolearnabout: • Processor type • Processor speed • Bus speed • Memory capacity • Memory speed • Memory type • Hasd disk capacity • Screen size • Screen resolution • Optical drive speed

  28. Vocabulary Cache(n):  an area of a computer’s memory for storing information that is regularly needed Also called cache memory. ROM(ReadOnlyMemory) Itholdsthe program instructionsandsettingsrequiredto start upthecomputer.

  29. buffer (v.):  To hold or collect (data) in an areatemporarily Whenyouwanttowatch a video on the Internet, yourcomputerbuffersthe data, thenyou can watchthe video. • sequentially (adv.): in a particularorder Insometaskssequential processing of data files is needed

  30. laborious (adj):requiring long, hard work Ali spent many laborious hours on the project. • bottleneck(n):a specific problem in part of a process that causes delays to the whole process We have been experiencing bottlenecks in production resulting in lack of spare parts.

  31. adjacent (adj): being near or close Adjacent information (adj. phr.): the information which is related to the requestedinformation • chunk (n): a large amount or part of something That’s a big chunk of money to have to pay every month • logic circuit(n.phr.): A computer switching circuit that consists of a number of logic gates and performs logical operations on data.

  32. cache coherency (n. phr.) refers to the integrity of data stored in local caches of a shared resource.

  33. Viceversa: theopposite of what has beensaid Should I cometoyourhouseorviceversa? write-backcache (n.phr.): a bufferstoragesystemwheretheprocessorwriteschangesonlytothecacheandnottothemainmemory. write-throughcache (n.phr): a bufferstoragesystemwheretheprocessorwritesdirectlytobothcacheandthemainmemoryat thesame time

  34. Flag(v): to mark in a way that indicates a particular condition has occured Ifyouwanttoarrangeyour e-mails, you can flagthem in thelist of received e- mails. • anticipation (n): expectation, foreknowledge I have the anticipation that you will all pass this course 

  35. FSB (front-sidebus) • Inpersonalcomputers, thefront-sidebus (FSB) is thebusthatcarries data betweenthe CPU andthenorthbridge. • Bus:Incomputerarchitecture, a bus is a subsystemthattransfers data betweencomputercomponents inside a computerorbetweencomputers.

  36. READING (answers) • The time it takestomove data in andout of memory • Cache • Thecachecontroller • Writebackcache • Beforeusingthespacetocachenew data • When data in thecache is changed • An algorithm

  37. READING • iv • vi • v • iii • i • ii • True • False • False • True • True • False • True

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