CANKAYA UNIVERSITY OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES -ENGLISH UNIT-

1. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES-ENGLISH UNIT- ACS-206 WEEK 9 UNIT 20 FORMING, WORKING AND HEAT-TREATING METAL

2. TARGET VOCABULARY

3. Casting (n): Heating metal until it becomes molten and pouring it; forcing metal under pressure. Word formation: cast (v) Synonyms: shaping (metal until it becomes molten)

4. Die (n):(plural: dies) A mold for forming metal or plastic objects e.g.: Forming dies are typically made by tool and die makers and put into production after mounting into a press. e.g.: The die is a metal block that is used for forming materials like sheet metal and plastic. Press with bending die:

5. Sintering (n): Welding together of small particles of metal by applying heat at temperatures below the melting point. The process is used to form complex shapes, to produce alloys, and to allow work on metals with very high melting points. Word formation: sinter (v) – sintered (adj) e.g.: Sintering is used in the preliminary molding of ceramic or glass powders into forms that can then be permanently fixed by firing.

6. Extruding (n):Heating metal until it is molten, then forcing it at high pressure through a shaping tool. Word formation: extrude (v) – extrusion (n) Synonyms: Die (n) (to form bars or tubes) e.g.: Extruding is a hot-forming procedure.

7. Forge (v):to shape a metal by heating and hammering Word formation: forged (adj)- forging (n) - hot-forged/cold-forged – drop forging (phr.) Synonym: work (v) e.g.: Metals are often forged when hot, but may also be forged when they are cold. Drop forged steel:

8. Work hardening (phr):When forging increases the hardness of a metal, it is called work hardening. Word formation: work hardened (phr.) e.g.: Metals become work hardened when their structure changes by compression.

9. Shot-peening (n): Firing small metal balls (metal shot)at the surface of components (when they are cold), at high speed without hammering or rolling Word formation: shot-peened (phr.) e.g.: When metals are shot-peened, their surface becomes harder.

10. Annealling (n):Heat ing the metal first, and then allowing it to cool slowly; a process of heating and cooling alloys to make them stronger and less fragile. Word formation: anneal (v) – annealed (adj) e.g.: Annealed metals generally become softer and more elastic. An annealed metal:

11. Tempering (n):A process of heating the metal and keeping it at a high temperature for a period of time. Word formation: temper (v) – tempered (adj) e.g.: Tempered metals have a balance between hardness and elasticity.

12. Case hardening (phr.):A process of heating metal in specific types of gas (not in air), causing its surface to absorb elements, such as carbon. Word formation: case-hardened (adj phr.) Synonyms: Surface hardening (phr.) e.g.: Only the outer surface of case-hardened metals becomes harder.

13. Precipitation hardening (phr.):A process of similar to tempering, but heat is maintained for a longer period. Word formation: precipitation-hardened (adj. phr) Synonyms: age hardening (phr.) e.g.: Precipitation-hardened metals are harder than tempered metals.