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Early Civilizations

Early Civilizations. Getting it all started!. What is a “civilization” anyway?. It has FIVE characteristics Advanced Cities Specialized Workers Record Keeping Complex Institutions Advanced Technology. Characteristics of civilizations. Large and advanced cities

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Early Civilizations

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  1. Early Civilizations Getting it all started!

  2. What is a “civilization” anyway? It has FIVE characteristics • Advanced Cities • Specialized Workers • Record Keeping • Complex Institutions • Advanced Technology

  3. Characteristics of civilizations • Large and advanced cities • Specialized workers who don’t grow their own food • Writing and record keeping • Complex institutions – like religion and law • Technology like metal and stone working

  4. Key characteristics Trade center barter, bazaar Large populace What we have today Network hubs/Hearths – trade, transportation, finance, information Metropolitan areas Advanced Cities

  5. Key characteristics Focus on different kinds of work farmers, irrigation workers, artisans, bronze workers, merchants, priests What we have today Retail, manufacturing, communication Assembly line Education, training, tests, certification Specialized Workers

  6. Key characteristics Writing, which can lead to other purposes What we have today Data of sales, payments, public records Electronic files, books, newspapers, epics, novels, poetry Record Keeping

  7. Record Keeping Choropleth Thematic

  8. Key characteristics Leads to government, religion, economy, social structure What we have today Government, religion, education, charities, corporations, social classes Complex Institutions

  9. Key characteristics Produce new tools & techniques for solving problems Plows, irrigation, potters wheel, bronze What we have today Telecommunications, computers, science, automobiles, airplanes, spaces exploration Advanced Technology

  10. Is Monroe a Civilization? • Complete the sheet “Is Monroe a Civilization?” in pairs. You will share your responses. You have 20 minutes.

  11. Where were these? Reference Map

  12. along rivers natural barriers agriculture polytheism afterlife writing mathematics social classes dynasties What did they have in common?

  13. Neolithic Revolution • Shift from hunting and gathering to “settled” agriculture • Human control of the Environment • Trade • Population Growth • Specialization and formation of classes • Rise of disease

  14. Practice Question • The development of agriculture led to an increase in population because • A: Farming was much less labor intensive than hunting and gathering • B: The stable food source allowed for more permanent homes and larger families • C: farming provided a healthier diet than hunting and gathering • D: hunting and gathering was an extremely dangerous lifestyle

  15. Practice Question • The development of agriculture led to an increase in population because • A: Farming was much less labor intensive than hunting and gathering • B: The stable food source allowed for more permanent homes and larger families • C: farming provided a healthier diet than hunting and gathering • D: hunting and gathering was an extremely dangerous lifestyle

  16. Practice ID • Write an “ID” for the Neolithic Revolution. An ID always features a “what” and “so what” (significance) portion.

  17. The Neolithic Revolution was when humans gradually changed from food-gathering to food-producing between 10,000 to 4,000 BCE. It was significant because settlement occurred. With agriculture, people had a steady supply of food and they could live in one place. With agriculture, tasks were gendered and men became superior to women. The Neolithic Rev allowed people to develop religion, art, and ultimately civilization.

  18. Mesopotamia • Modern-day Iraq primarily • Along the Tigris & Euphrates Rivers • “Land between the waters” • Fertile Crescent • Polytheistic • built large temples call ziggurats

  19. Mesopotamia

  20. Mesopotamia • Main cities • Ur – Sumerian city • Babylon (later capital of Mesopotamia) • Not really kingdoms—city-states, cities that controlled surrounding areas • Controlled by various kingdoms • Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Persian, Macedonians, Romans, Turks, Mongols, British, etc.

  21. Sumerians

  22. Sumerian Religion--Polytheistic ANTHROPOMORPHIC GODS—HUMAN-LIKE

  23. Mesopotamia Ur was a busy trade center before the Persian Gulf shore formed further downstream. In the background is the Great Ziggurat. The Torah states that Ur was Abraham’s birthplace and where he left with his family for Canaan.

  24. Sargon of Akkad—World’s First Empire

  25. Mesopotamia Babylon ruins in 1932 and rebuilt ruins in 2003

  26. Mesopotamia • Babylon becomes city-state dominant in region under Hammurabi. • The Code of Hammurabiis the first known written code of law. • The law was engraved onto pillars which were located in public places for all to see. Of course, it would help to be able to read them…. most people couldn’t read.

  27. Code of Hammurabi • Babylon • World’s first set of codified laws • “An Eye for an Eye”

  28. Read Code of Hammurabi • Analyze the Code of Hammurabi as provided on the sheet. What does the code emphasize? What does this indicate about Mesopotamian society? • How does the Code of Hammurabi compare to today’s laws?

  29. Areas of Emphasis • Property Rights • Social Class • Religion • Agriculture

  30. Mesopotamia Cuneiform development as a pictograph language

  31. Cuneiform Writing

  32. Sumerian Seals--PROPERTY

  33. Gilgamesh—Flood Story

  34. Compare and Contrast… • The flood story of Gilgamesh with that of Noah. What similarities and differences do you see?

  35. Social Structure • Kings/Emperors (Sargon, Hammurabi) • Lugals (“big men”) (aristocrats) • Traders/Merchants • Peasants • Slaves/Conquered Peoples

  36. Practice Test Questions • MC: Sargon of Akkad is hosting a dinner and is trying to decide whom to invite. Whom of the following dinner guests is he most likely NOT to invite? • A Napoleon Bonaparte • B Mohandas Gandhi • C Adolf Hitler • D King Louis XIV

  37. Practice Test Questions • MC: Sargon of Akkad is hosting a dinner and is trying to decide whom to invite. Whom of the following dinner guests is he most likely NOT to invite? • A Napoleon Bonaparte • B Mohandas Gandhi • C Adolf Hitler • D King Louis XIV

  38. Practice Test Question • The natural boundaries most responsible for identifying the region of Mesopotamia were • A the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. • B the Zagros Mountains and the Persian Gulf • C the Euphrates River and the Mediterranean Sea • D the Zagros Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea

  39. Practice Test Question • The natural boundaries most responsible for identifying the region of Mesopotamia were • A the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. • B the Zagros Mountains and the Persian Gulf • C the Euphrates River and the Mediterranean Sea • D the Zagros Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea

  40. Quick Quiz: ID Cuneiform • This is a 10-point quiz. 5 points can be earned for identifying what Cuneiform is, 5 points for identifying the significance

  41. ID Cuneiform • Cuneiform, or “wedge-shaped writing,” was introduced in Mesopotamia (Sumer). This writing was significant in that it allowed for the keeping of records, including property records and religious texts, clearly important from Hammurabi’s Code. It also shows that Mesopotamia possesses at least one of the 5 traits of civilization.

  42. Later Mesopotamian Empires • Assyrians, Persians • Assyrians: strong military; eventually gets too big for own good and collapses • Persians: founded empire under Cyrus; created Royal Road, Satrapies • Also religiously tolerant!

  43. Egypt Today

  44. Egypt (3150-~330BC) • Along the Nile River • Two kingdoms would unite: • Upper – Nubia (to the south) • Lower – Delta region connecting to the Mediterranean Sea • Major cities – Thebes, Memphis • Controlled by several pharaoh dynasties as well as Nubians, Assyrians, Hebrews, Persians, Greeks, Romans

  45. Egypt

  46. Egypt • Geographical features • Nile River • Flows northward • Delta empties into the Mediterranean Sea • Surrounded by desert • Climate • hot, dry summers with moderate winters

  47. Egypt

  48. Hieroglyphics started as pictographs for ideas, they became more like sounds. Could be written on papyrus or carved into stone at temples. Rosetta Stone found in 1799

  49. Other Inventions of Note • Black Ink • First Ox-Drawn Plows • 365 Day Calendar and Leap Year • Paper from papyrus plant • First Triangular Shaped Pyramids • Organized labor • Hieroglyphics as an early system of writing • Sails

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