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Unit 1-European Exploration. Lesson 3: Spain in America. Review. In lesson 2, we discussed how Spain became involved with exploration. We also discussed how explorers like Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan discovered new land in what we now call America. Conquistadors.
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Unit 1-European Exploration Lesson 3: Spain in America
Review • In lesson 2, we discussed how Spain became involved with exploration. We also discussed how explorers like Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan discovered new land in what we now call America.
Conquistadors • Stories of the wealth that could be found in America led to more explorers from Spain. • These new explorers were called conquistadors. • The Spanish rulers gave grants to these explorers.
Conquistadors • Explorers were free to explore and settle in America, as long as they gave the royal leaders one-fifth of any riches they found, including gold. • These voyages were considered low risk for the Spanish rulers.
Hernán Cortés • In 1519, landed on coast of what we now call Mexico with about 500 men, some horses, and cannons. • Here he met the Aztecs, who were a native group that had created an empire.
Aztecs • Cortés formed alliances with small cities that the Aztecs had conquered. • He then marched into the Aztec Capital of Tenochtitlán in an effort to take it over. • To his surprise, the Aztec leader, Montezuma welcomed Cortés and his men with food and a palace.
Cortés and Montezuma http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cortes.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Motecuzoma_Xocoyotzin.jpeg
Conquer of the Aztecs • Cortés and his men took advantage of the Aztecs hospitality and made Montezuma their prisoner. • The Aztecs rebelled against the Spanish, forcing Cortés and his men out of Tenochtitlán.
Conquer of the Aztecs • Cortés waited for more Spanish troops and then destroyed the Aztec capital city. • The fall of the Aztecs represents the Spanish taking control of Mexico. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Storming_of_the_Teocalli_by_Cortez_and_His_Troops.jpeg
Fall of the Incan Empire • Francisco Pizarro sailed to modern day Peru, where he had heard stories about the wealthy Inca Empire. • The Incas were another native group of people similar to the Aztecs.
Fall of the Incan Empire • Pizarro taken Incan leader, Atahualpa, prisoner, and destroyed most of the Incan army. • A year later, the Spanish executed Atahualpa after false charges of crimes. • With no leader, the Incas were not able to fight affectively, giving Spain control of the area.
Francisco Pizarro and the Inca Empire http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Francisco-Pizarro-um1540.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Inca-expansion.png
How was Spain Successful? • The natives viewed the Spanish as gods because of the guns, cannons, and animals (horses and dogs). • Natives did not have immunity to the European diseases, like smallpox, that the Spanish brought with them.
Juan Ponce de León • Conquistadors decided to look for the same riches found in South America in the unsettled land to the north. • Ponce de León was the first Spanish explorer to land on the mainland of North America.
Juan Ponce de León • Ponce de León was looking for gold and the fountain of youth. • Although Ponce de León did not find the fountain of youth, his explorations led to the first Spanish settlement in St. Augustine, Florida about 50 years later.
Seven Cities of Cibola • Conquistadors looking for quick riches came to North America looking for the seven cities with walls of emeralds and streets of gold. • No one ever found these “storied” cities, but the search for them led to exploration of much of the modern day United States.
Hernando de Soto • Hernando de Soto was one of the Spanish explorers who searched for the Seven Cities of Cibola. • During his explorations, de Soto became the first European to cross the Mississippi, and traveled as far west as present-day Oklahoma.
Hernando de Soto and the Mississippi River http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Discovery_of_the_Mississippi.jpg
Conclusion • The Spanish were the first Europeans to settle in the Americas. They were looking for quick wealth, and often did this by using force against the natives. Most of the conquistadors failed to find wealth, but their failures led to the discovery of new lands in America.
Assignments • Answer the five review questions for this lesson. • Fill in Explorer Chart for the following explorers: Hernan Cortes, Juan Ponce de Leon, and Hernando de Soto. You will have a Unit 1 Test after you complete Lesson 4.
