Exam Review: Nationalism and Imperialism

1. Exam Review:Nationalism and Imperialism Catricia Morris

2. Nation-State • The combination of a political state with the emotional sensibility of a collective social identity • Nation: combination of shared language, religion, history, ethnicity, future aspiration and a sense of distinctiveness from, competition with, or antagonism toward, some other nation-state • State: geographic territory with its own independent government and must have enough size and force that it is not swallowed up by another • Developed central governments • Capable of collecting taxes, keeping the peace, and raising armies • Nation states defined themselves in relation to one another and in relation to other civilizations with which they were engaging

3. Italy and Germany • Nationalism grew in Europe • Austria, Prussia, Russia, France and Britain suppressed new national uprisings by peoples within their empires • Italy and Germany began successfully to unite their several divided regions to form new nations • Cultural nationalism preceded political mobilization • European nation-states demonstrated economic political, military and cultural power that came from unity  regional leaders in Italy and Germany sought unification for themselves • Italy achieved unification in 1870 • Germany achieved unification in 1859-1871

4. The Quest for Empire • Triumph of nationalism – the rise of the modern nation state • Accompanied by fierce and violent competition for power among the new states • Economic competition between countries began because of national pride • Three main countries in competition were the United States, Germany and France • Became a quest for imperial power • Use of advanced technology and new strategies of financial and economic dominance gave countries more power than ever before

5. Major Events • Opium Wars (1839-1842 and 1856-1860) • The first opium war was not a contest because the Chinese emperors lacked interest in Western science and technology • China lacked modern cannons and steamships • Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) • led by Hong Xuiquan • Demands of leader included: and end to the corrupt and inefficient Manchu imperial rule, an end to extortionate landlord demands and the alleviation of poverty Opium Wars

6. Major Events (Cont.) • The Boxer Rebellion (1898-1900) • “Boxers” were a group of nationalists in Beijing • Had a pride in their country that made them not want to allow foreigners to come in and influence their culture • Beijing government supported the foreigners because Beijing had foreign allies that they needed to keep strong for trade The Boxer Rebellion

7. Terms • Nationalism: the love of one’s country – led to imperialism because governments wanted to fuel their economy so they did not want to trade with other nations • Imperialism: the extending of rule over foreign countries • Nation-State (472): a political state with the emotional sensibility of a collective social identity • Nationalists (599): people who asserted their wish and responsibility to create, strengthen, and consolidate their nations • Extraterritoriality (614): legal immunities enjoyed by the citizens of a sovereign state or international organization within a host country • Comprador (616): a Chinese merchant hired by Western traders to assist with their dealings in China

8. People • Count Camillo Cavour (1810-1861) • Architect of the Italian Unification • Unified the resource-rich North Italy with the agricultural South Italy allowed the country to industrialize and become a major world competitor Camillo Cavour

9. People (Cont.) • Chancellor Otto von Bismark (1815-1898) • Architect behind German unification • Introduced warfare to German unification • Increased speed of unification • Made German more aggressive militarily • Helped with colonization after unification • Hong Xiuquan • Leader of China’s Taiping rebellion Otto von Bismark