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Biochemistry I

Biochemistry I. Topic Review. Levels of complexity in the cell Why is life Carbon-based? Key functional groups Properties of water: hydrophobic exclusion, buffering, bonding Bioenergetics: key equations, thermodynamics vs kinetics, activation energy, calculating Keq and ΔG.

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Biochemistry I

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  1. Biochemistry I Topic Review

  2. Levels of complexity in the cell • Why is life Carbon-based? • Key functional groups • Properties of water: hydrophobic exclusion, buffering, bonding • Bioenergetics: key equations, thermodynamics vs kinetics, activation energy, calculating Keq and ΔG

  3. Proteins: amino acids, R-groups and properties, isoelectric points, peptide bonds • Protein Purification and characterization: types of chromatography, gel electrophoresis, activity and specific activity • Protein Structure: levels of structure, constraints on folding • Secondary Structures: alpha helices and beta sheets • The problem of protein folding

  4. Determining protein structure: x-ray crystallography and NMR • Folding, Denaturation, and cooking • Misfolding diseases • Protein Binding: lock-and-key vs induced fit, equations of binding, cooperativity! • Immune functions and ELISA • Muscle movement and function

  5. Nucleotides: composition and base-pairing • DNA structure and discovery • Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: replication, transcription, translation • Mutation: causes and consequences • DNA Cloning: process and tools • PCR, DNA electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing methods • DNA Fingerprinting and DNA Microarrays

  6. Carbohydrates: structure, epimers, and L vs D • Sugar cyclization and polysaccharides • Lipids: Fatty acid structure, classes of lipids • Lipids: membrane lipids and cholesterol • Enzymes: what do they do? How to stabilize TS? • Enzyme kinetics: equations and behavior, distinguishing mechanisms and inhibitors

  7. Glycolysis! Pathway and mechanisms, energy yield • Fermentation; anaerobic vs aerobic exercise • TCA Cycle! Pathway and mechanisms, energy yield, tracking radioactive carbons • Regulation of catabolism • Gluconeogenesis pathways and regulation of PFK-1 • Electron Transport Chain: entry, e- transport, proton and ATP yield, inhibitors

  8. ATP Synthase and oxidative phosphorylation • Uncouplers • Lipid Catabolism: beta oxidation pathway, energy • Starvation and ketone bodies • Protein catabolism: amino transfer and the urea cycle • Photosynthesis: light reactions and carbon fixation

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