BANGLADESH

1. BANGLADESH LOCAL PARTNERSHIPS FOR URBAN POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROJECT BGD/98/006

2. Presented By:Syed Arif HaiderParticipatory Planning OfficerUNDP/UN Habitat BGD 98/006

3. Executing Agent LOCAL GOVERNMENT DIVISION MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND COOPERATIVES Govt Implementing Agent LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT UN Implementing Agent UNHABITAT

4. Funds – UNDP US$ 21.3 MILLION Project period 2000 – 2006 Target population 360,000 PEOPLE 75,000 FAMILIES 338 COMMUNITIES

5. BANGLADESH

6. 7 POURASHAVAS HOBIGANJ BOGRA SIRAJGANJ NARAYANGAN GOPALGANJ MYMENSINGH KUSHTIA 4 CITY CORPORATIONS CHITTAGONG KHULNA RAJSHAHI BARISAL

7. DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE ALLEVIATE POVERTY EMPOWERMENT OF URBAN POOR COMMUNITIES CAPACITY BUILDING OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT

8. PROJECT VISION AND INDICATORS (1) 1. BETTER OFF - higher and more stable incomes - increase in valuable assets - more marketable skills - higher levels of education - reduction in insecurities (personal and tenure) 2. HEALTHIER - reduced health care expenditure - fewer days off work - reduced mother, infant, child mortality

9. PROJECT VISION AND INDICATORS (2) 3. INTEGRATED INTO TOWN ECONOMIC - employment and business outside poor areas SOCIAL - use town health and education facilities PHYSICAL - town services extended to urban poor areas

10. PROJECT VISION AND INDICATORS (3) 4. LOCAL GOVT DEVELOPS PRO POOR POLICIES - participatory development plan preparation - security of tenure - pro-poor rules and regulations 5. SUSTAINABILITY - human resource and financial capacity 6. POLICY IMPACT - local level poverty alleviation programme - national plans for urbanisation

11. Primary Groups of 15-25 households • 85% organised and led by women • 338 community development committees • Ward level project implementation committees • Town level project coordination committees

12. POST PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY City/Pourashava to have financial and human resource capacity to continue poverty alleviation activities • Capacity building of LGI staff and development of partnerships • Project addresses backlog of needs and uses this process to build technical capacity • Increase capacity to raise local resources and obtain funds from GoB and other donors • Possible introduction of Urban Poor Development Funds with contributions from communities, local government and central government and donors Community level capacity developed - Community capacity developed to take initiative on problem identification, development, implementation and management of urban poverty reduction programmes NATIONAL AND LOCAL POLICY IMPACT Urban poverty reduction policy changes made at national and local levels • National and regional policy seminars • Inter town networks established • Land, housing and employment for urban included in city development strategies

13. HIGH DENSITY COMMUNITY IN KHULNA

14. RENTAL HOUSING KHULNA

15. Uncollected garbage between houses

16. Pond with latrines overflowing

17. Within community activities require town level supporting action

18. Background of Poverty Alleviation Fund • Sense of insecurity, isolation and disempowerment; • Inability to afford adequate housing; • Tenure security, evictions; • Loss of small savings invested in housing; • Unhygienic living conditions, low quality public services; • Lack of access to credit for business or house; • Lack of employment :inability to have a regular job, lack of regular income and social security, poor nutrition; and • Poor health poor education.

19. POVERTY ALLEVIATION FUND • CDCs prepare Socio-Economic Development Plan • Poverty alleviation fund to provide matching grants for skills training, life skills, acquisition of business assets • Beneficiary contribution of 20% for training and 50% for business assets

20. Tools of Enabling Informal Economy • Focus Group Discussion with Primary Group Members • Case Study of Economic Survival Strategies • Poverty Ranking • Community Business Survey • Workshop for Experience Sharing

21. Methodologies of Enabling Informal Economy • Step-1: Focus Group Discussion (FGD) • Step-2: Case Studies of Economic Survival Strategies • Step-3: Poverty Ranking • Step-4: Status of Tenant • Step-5: Community Business Survey • Step-6: Meeting of CDC

22. Methodologies of Enabling Informal Economy • Step-7: CDCs Experience Sharing • Step-8: Market Information • Step-9: Proposal for Socio-economic Activities • Step-10: Cost Estimates for Socio-economic Activities • Step-11: Workshop for Town CDCs on SEDPs • Step-12: Approval of Socio-economic Development Plan

23. STEP-1Focus Group Discussion with Primary Groups • What are the resources currently available and used? • What resources not being used? • Socio-economic needs Output: Inventory of resources and initial list of priorities for SEDP by members of Primary Group.

24. STEP-2Case Studies of Economic Survival Strategies • Sources of income including receipts from other family members • Type of employment, and whether it is full time, part time, casual or seasonal • Estimated family income from all sources • Loans from formal or informal sources including family members • What type of problems faced in their economic survival, such as withdrawing children from school, inadequate health care. Output: Knowledge of economic survival strategies and multiple sources of income.

25. STEP-3Poverty Ranking • Identify the poorest people who are member or near the Primary Group; • Women headed household; • People living alone; and • Elderly people or who are ill or disabled. • Asking the CDC as well as community people who worse off in the community • Output: Identification of the poorest people within or known to the primary group. Encouragement the CDC to support these community people.

26. STEP-4Status of Tenant • Their problems and how they see their future in the community • How they are fulfilling their current needs in terms of incomes and basic necessities • Their expectations of support from the projects • Any specific difficulties they face, such the threat of eviction, increase in rent etc. Output: Identification of the main problems faced by tenants and proposals for now they can be supported by project activities.

27. STEP-5Community Business Survey • Many small business are based on within the community and provide services or produce goods that are sold within or outside the community. The community with support from the staff will identify these business and will also make an inventory both for use within community and to share with other communities. Output: Inventory of business operating within the CDC area.

28. STEP-6Meeting of Community Development Committee • Preparation of list of socio-economic support needs as identified in step-1; • List of resources, skill and knowledge currently being used in the community; • List of the resources skill and knowledge available but not being used within the community; • The need for support for education; • The need for support for health awareness/services; • How the very poorest can be supported by the community and/or the project; • Manual support strategies within the community; and • The need for more information and/or support from outside the community. Output: A list of resources, list of knowledge, skills and strategy who wish to acquire and information required outside community or from town level market survey .

29. STEP-7Community Development Committee Experience Sharing • After steps 1-6 have been completed team will facilitate workshops for CDC O/B and PG leaders currently preparing SEDP. • Information's obtained in socio-economic analysis will be shared and to identify potential trainer and trainees. • Identify the new areas of socio-economic support and start process of developing strategies. • Those who have innovative businesses or skills especially of a non traditional nature can be shared with other participants.

30. STEP-8Market Information • Methods of production/technology involved in the process. • Demand of the product/services • Price/fees for the product/services • Licenses and permissions required • Competitors in the market • Availability of materials, investment cost • Production cost, sales and revenue • Experience of similar business, sources of funds • Risks, potential threats, business experience • Skills needed

31. STEP-9Proposal for Socio-economic Studies • The purpose of the subcontract • Where the sub contract will be executed? (training institute, business) • How many people will receive the benefits • What will be the total cost • Time frame for sub contract • Assessment of risk • How will the contribution received? • If periodic recovery how much over what period • Proposals must be include risk, business plan, estimating income and expenditure Output:: Proposals for sub contract with business plan in case of support for businesses.

32. STEP-10Cost Estimates for Soci-economic Activities • The cost estimates for each sub contract proposal are to be determined through field data and discussion among CDC members. The proposals for sub contract could be limited to a ceiling for each beneficiary. • A number of sub contract proposals will together form a socio-economic development plan. Output:: Budget for socio-economic development plan.

33. STEP-11Workshop for CDCs on SEDPs • After having prepared SEDP the team should facilitate a workshop of CDCs concurrently preparing their SEDP to present the draft SEDP Output: Draft SEDPs from each CDC ready for formal approval.

34. POVERTY ALLEVIATION FUND OPERATION • Socio-Economic Development contract between local government and CDC made up of a number of costed sub contracts • Sub contracts signed between CDC, service provider and beneficiaries • Phased introduction of activities through capacity building process • Initial contracts for marketable skill development • Introduction of apprenticeship programme • Monitoring and performance based on obtaining gainful employment • Loans for business assets at second stage and based on performance • (Similar process to priority given to latrines and tube wells under CDF) • Money transferred to Local Government from UNDP • Passed on in instalments to CDC after monitoring and verification by project town teams and PMT

35. Meeting of Primary Group to discuss PAF needs

36. Emphasison non traditional and high level skills

37. Many have high levels of skills but no market for products

38. URBAN AGRICULTURE - SUPPORT FROM FAO • Many families have agricultural skills and live in peri urban areas • Strong demand for food products from towns • Important source of supplementary nutrition • FAO support to identify good practices and introduce technical improvements • Emphasis on marketing

39. ADDEDVALUES • Project interventions encourage additional investments by others • Examples are bathrooms added onto project latrines • New roads built in project communities by municipality with own funds • Better off marriage partners now water supply and sanitation are available

40. Road constructed from municipal funds in project area

41. Links to City Development Strategies • Possible future introduction of town level Urban Poor Development Funds wholesaling funds to communities • Contributions for town, communities and • donors • Links to Urban Management and Public • Administration Reform Programmes

42. The next generation of leaders

43. BANGLADESH LOCAL PARTNERSHIPS FOR URBAN POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROJECT END OF PRESENTATION