The Industrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution Chapter 11: National and Regional Growth (1800-1844) Created by: Ruben Garcia

2. Chapter Vocabulary • Industrial Revolution- a change from an agricultural economy to a manufacturing economy. • Factory System- brought many workers and machines under one roof. • Lowell Mills- factories located in Lowell, Mass. Created a “village” for it’s workers.

3. Vocabulary (cont) • Interchangeable parts- identical parts that could be easily replaced. • Robert Fulton- Invented a steamboat that could move against the current or a strong wind. • Samuel F.B. Morse- invented the telegraph. Allowed for fast communication

4. Vocabulary (cont) • Eli Whitney- invented a machine to quickly clean cotton in 1793. • Cotton Gin- could clean 50 pounds of cotton in a day. (it would take 1 person a day to clean 1 pound of cotton.) • Nat Turner- led 70 other slaves and killed 55 white men, women, and children in his struggle for freedom

5. Vocabulary (cont) • Nationalism- a feeling of pride and unity with one’s country. • Henry Clay- Nationalist, believed that the U.S. could grow stronger without the help of Foreign trade. • Erie Canal- water route connecting the Great Lakes with New York. • James Monroe- 5th president, wrote the Monroe Doctrine

6. Vocabulary (cont) • Sectionalism- Loyalty to the interests of your own region or section of the country. • Missouri Compromise- laws enacted in 1820 to maintain the balance of power between slave and free states. • Monroe Doctrine- policy of U.S. opposition to any European interference in the Western Hemisphere, announced in 1823.

7. DNC Section 1: Early Industry and Inventions • Main idea- New machines and factories changed the way in which people lived and worked in the late 1700 and early 1800. • Why it matters now- The industrial development that began more than 200 years ago continues today.

8. Ahh… this too could be yours!

9. DNC The Industrial Revolution • Some argue that the increasing GDP has improved standards of living, such as better availability of food, housing, clothing, and health care. • Many believe that a capitalist economy offers far more opportunities for individuals to raise their income through new professions or business ventures than do other economic systems.

10. Free Enterprise and Factories • The War of 1812 brought great economic change. • The invention of machines made it so that unskilled workers could produce goods and merchandise. • The introduction of the factory system pushed production even faster. • Most factories were located near water.

11. free enterprise and factories (cont) • People began to leave the farm life for the city life. • Many Americans did not want the U.S. to Industrialize. I don’t want your life! Where are you going son?

12. Negative view

13. Positive View

14. Factories Come to America • Samuel Slater memorized the details on how to make a textile mill. • He hired eight kids, ages 7-12, to work his mill. • His system grew and spread throughout New England • New England had many fast moving rivers that could be used to run the mills.

15. Slater’s Mill

16. Slater’s Tomb

17. The Lowell Mills • Francis Cabot Lowell employed farm girls to run textile mills. • “Lowell girls” worked 12.5 hours a day in deafening noise. • Were under strict watch. They had to go to church, read and attend lectures. • They usually only worked a few years until they married.

19. A New Way to Manufacture • Eli Whitney was hired to make 10,000 muskets for the U.S. army. • He had boxes of musket parts and assembled a musket in seconds, proving the need for parts. • Showed the importance of interchangeable parts. Speeds up production.

21. Anatomy of a musket • Butt • Wrist • Comb • Heel • Butt plate with screws • Toe • Trigger guard • Flint lock • Barrel breech • Ramrod • Front sling swivel with screw • Thimble • Thimble pins • Entry thimble • Muzzle • Front sight • Bayonet lug • Ear for the sling swivel screw • Double ear – pin ear – for securing the thimbles • Single ear- pin ear - for securing the barrel to the stock • Flash hole • Rear sight notch • Tang • Breech plug • Barrel • Rear sling swivel with screw • Ramrod stopper • Trigger • Trigger guard screws • Trigger assembly • Bayonet socket • Elbow • Bayonet lug slot • Shoulder • Triangular blade • Front side plate screw • Rear side plate screw • Side plate • Muzzle cap • Tang screw • Brake spring for the ramrod • Back of the thimble • Butt nose • Barrel pin • Butt nose • Fore-stock • Cheek piece • Breech plug

22. DNC Modern use of interchangeable parts • LS9 engine for the 2009 Chevy Corvette. • 638 horsepower! 200+ mph • Over $100,000

23. Interchangeable parts

24. Modern Factories • Can produce an entire car in 1 day!

25. Moving People, goods and messages • Robert Fulton invented a steamboat that could move against the current. • Samuel Morse created a fast way of communicating. • The telegraph allowed people to communicate in seconds. • Both invention brought the U.S. closer together and created unity.

28. Technology Improves Farming • Blacksmith, John Deere, created the steel plow. This allowed farmers to work the land of the Midwest. • Cyrus McCormick's mechanical reaper and thresher improved agricultural. • The reaper could cut grain while the thresher separated kernels from husks.

30. DNC Make iron cheaper • The burning coal remained separate from the iron ore and so did not contaminate the iron with impurities like sulphur. This opened the way to increased iron production. Coal Iron ore

31. Welcome to the Future! 1840

32. Industrial Revolution begins

33. DNC How much do your shoes cost?

34. DNC Section 2: Plantation and Slavery Spread • Main Idea: The invention of the cotton gin and the demand for cotton caused slavery to spread in the south. • Why it matters: The spread of Slavery created lasting racial and sectional tensions.

35. The Cotton Boom • Eli Whitney’s cotton gin could clean cotton far more efficiently than by hand. • Increased the demand for cotton. Increased the need for cheap/free labor (slaves) Need for more land. Native Americans were driven off their land.

36. The Cotton Gin

37. Slavery Expands • From 1790-1860 cotton production rose, so did the number of enslaved. • In 1820 the South earned $22 million from cotton exports. • By the late 1830s earnings went up to $200 million. • In the 1790s a male slave could cost up to $300. By the 1830s the price went up to $1000. Why?

38. The Cotton Gin

42. DNC Modern textile factory

45. Dividing Issue of Slavery • Only 1/3 of Southern whites owned slaves. Only a small portion of that had 20 or more slaves. • Enslaved African Americans formed about 1/3 of the South's population. • About half worked on large plantations. • Not all slaves worked in the fields. Some worked in the master’s home, or as skilled craftsman who could be let out to neighbors.

46. Dividing issue of Slavery (cont) • In 1840 about 8% of African Americans were free. They had either been born free, freed by their owner, or bought their freedom. • Many free slaves lived in southern cities such as Baltimore and Washington D.C. • Some states made the free slaves leave once they gained their freedom. • They were endanger of being captured and sold into slavery again.

47. Tension Rises • Many slave families were separated when sold at auction. • Slaves would often runaway to try and find their family. • Anger and hatred grew. • Nat Turner led the most famous rebellion, killing many white people. • The rebellion ended when Turner was captured, tried and hung. • In fear, many slaves were killed in revenge.

48. 1831 woodcut

49. DNC Section 3: Nationalism and Sectionalism • Main Idea: Patriotic pride united the states, but tension between the North and South emerged. • Why it matters: The tension led to the Civil War, and regional differences can still be found in the United States.

50. Nationalism Unites the Country • President Madison wanted the U.S. to become economically self-sufficient. His Plan: • Henry Clay called it the American System. 1. Protective Tariff- tax imported goods so Americans would buy American products. 2. Establish a National Bank- that would use one type of money. (Most banks issued their own money) 3. Improve the country’s transportation system- which was important for a strong economy. Poor roads made transportation slow and expensive.