The paleoenvironment of Enkhuizen-Kadijken.

1. The paleoenvironment of Enkhuizen-Kadijken. Wilko van Zijverden The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research University of Applied Sciences Deventer (The Netherlands) Leiden University (The Netherlands)

2. introduction Vliestroom Schagen Bergen inlet Medemblik Enkhuizen Westfrisia Oer-IJ estuary Hoogwoud Vecht Hattemerbroek IJssel Eigenblok

3. introduction Topics • Methods for prospecting settlements. • Strategies for locating settlements. • Size, extension and catchment area of settlements • Significance of geofactors (relief map, soil, water etc.) • Did humans change their environment persistently, at least on local scale? • Do we have to expect an open landscape in which burial mounds have been landmarks?

4. 5500 v. Chr. 3850 v. Chr. 2850 v. Chr. 1500 v. Chr. 500 v. Chr. palaeogeography x

5. 500 v. Chr. 50 na Chr. palaeogeography 5500 v. Chr. 3850 v. Chr. 2850 v. Chr. x 1500 v. Chr.

6. 50 na Chr. palaeogeography 5500 v. Chr. 3850 v. Chr. 2850 v. Chr. 1500 v. Chr. 500 v. Chr.

7. the model

8. the model

9. the model

10. the model • Change wheat to barley • Change type of mollusks in ditches • Change towards production of dairy-products • - Change in amount and diversity weeds indicating wetter conditions

11. the model Westfriese Omringdijk

12. the model Change in Sphagnum species and δ14C

13. the model

14. recent excavations

15. recent excavations european flounder thinlip mullet sea trout Fishbones Medemblik

16. recent excavations common dab european plaice atlantic cod Fishbones Hoogwoud

17. recent excavations Macrobotanic remains Schepenwijk

18. recent excavations common carp northern pike european perch Fishbones Enkhuizen

19. recent excavations european eel grey gurnard mullet Fishbones Enkhuizen pickleweed

20. recent excavations northern goshawk wild boar brown bear moose Game from Kadijken red deer

21. recent excavations

22. topics • Methods for prospecting settlements. • Strategies for locating settlements. • Size, extension and catchment area of settlements • Significance of geofactors (relief map, soil, water etc.) • Did humans change their environment persistently, at least on local scale? • Do we have to expect an open landscape in which burial mounds have been landmarks?

23. topics • Methods for prospecting settlements. coring field walking (landesaufname), remote sensing aerial photography

24. topics 2. Strategies for locating settlements. high risk low risk medium risk risk for crop failure

25. topics 2. Methods for prospecting settlements. Eigenblok

26. topics 2. Methods for prospecting settlements.

27. topics 3. Size, extension and catchment area of settlements Middle Bronze Age fossil marine landscape Early Bronze Age active marine landscape

28. topics 4. Significance of geofactors (relief map, soil, water etc.) clay sand

29. topics 5. Did humans change their environment persistently, at least on local scale?

30. topics 6. Do we have to expect an open landscape in which burial mounds have been landmarks?

31. XXX The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research University of Applied Sciences Deventer (The Netherlands) Leiden University (The Netherlands)