RISE & FALL OTTOMAN EMPIRE

1. RISE & FALLOTTOMAN EMPIRE When you hear, “the Ottoman Empire”, What comes to mind? (What pops in your head?!?!)

2. Long Ago… • In the era following the Holy Crusades (C v. M) a new imperial power was established in the Western Asia; THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE • At its peak, the Ottomans controlled a very large landmass! • Responsible for origins of first era of globalization • First group to use Gunpowder in standard issue • Eliminated the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Emp.)

3. Ottoman Origins • Osman I (late 1200’s CE) • This represents the foundation of the Ottoman Empire • Osman I repels both Byzantine & Mongol attacks • Creates strong united tribe named Ottomans • Named after Osman

4. Ottoman Rise to Power • By the 1400’s, the Byzantine Empire had been declining for nearly two centuries. • Faced growing threat from nomadic groups migrating from Central Asia  Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey) • In 1453, the Ottomans surrounded the capital of Constantinople • During two month siege of the city, Ottoman gunpowder overcame the Christian city. • Constantinople was changed to Istanbul, the capital of the new Muslim Empire

5. Geographic Expansion • From 1453, Ottomans entered “the Great Age of Expansion” • Empire grew into Middle East, Egypt, the Balkans, & Russia • By the 1500’s, the Ottomans had created the largest empire in Afro-Eurasia • Ottoman Success Due to… • Military Technology (gunpowder cannons & muskets)\ • Eliminates need for large horse mounted battalions

6. Conquest & Effect • Ottoman imperialism pushes further into Europe, Asia, and North African Coast • Control of Mediterranean controls what? • TRADE! • Europe’s response is to seek out new routes of trade to avoid Ottoman control

7. Golden Age • Suleiman the Magnificent rules 1520-1566 • Becomes sultan after his father (Selim the Terrible) • Apex of Ottoman Power • Strengthened the government and justice system • Based on Islamic Law (Sharia) • Suleiman held absolute power, but made wise decisions and promoted grow! • Supported the Arts & Built many Mosques • Converted Hagia Sofia

8. Society in Golden Age • Tolerant rule over governed nations and diverse population • Millets- Groups of non- Muslims that were allowed to practice their beliefs as long as they paid their Ottoman rulers a tax! • Janissaries- Families (non-Muslim) were sometimes required to give up their sons to the government for military service. The most elite soldiers tended to come from Janissaries. • Empire implemented a four class social hierarchy • Men of the Pen – highly educated: scientists, lawyers, judges, & doctors • Men of the Sword- military personnel • Men of Negotiation- merchants, artisans, and tax collectors • Men of Husbandry- farmers and herders • (TOP CLASSES MADE UP OF ONLY MUSLIMS)

9. Decline and Collapse • 17th Century brought about era of decline • Ottoman Fight for Territory = Battles Won < Battles Lost • Russo- Turkish Wars + Crimean War • Both wars exhausted the already weakening Ottomans • 1890’s Bring about uprising of nationalism & instability • Lacking military power/technology • Young Turk Revolution- (Constitution)

10. The Great War • The Ottomans sided with Germany during the onset of WWI • This relationship proved a failure • 1918- Britain dissolves the Ottoman Empire • (Treaty of Sevres) • 1923- the nation-state of Turkey is established

11. REVIEW • Despite its collapse in the aftermath of WWI, the Ottoman Empire was on of the World’s largest, longest lasting, and most successful empires in human history! • Strong/Innovative Military was unprecedented • Indirectly & Directly responsible for Age of Exploration • Brought an end to the Byzantine Empire • (Eastern Roman Empire/Orthodox)

12. World History Museum • When was the last time you visited a museum? • What did you see there? • Your Assignment… • Scenario- you are appointed the curator at Mr. Allen’s World History Museum. Your duty is to research and design a new exhibit for the “Ottoman Empire” wing of the building. • You will need to create a display window (poster) for your Ottoman Empire Exhibit & will be asked to give a brief “guided tour” of your display. • Select an aspect of Ottoman culture (ie society, military, leaders, economy). From there choose 3 artifacts to arrange and display. Each artifact must have a separate written identification explaining the significance of its inclusion in the exhibit.

13. Mr. Allen will be looking for… • Artifacts (3)- pictures, props, word art • Does your artifact reveal thought, preparation, and creativity? Do they accurately reflect your assigned cultural aspect? • Written Explanations (one for each artifact)- • Do the identifications reveal careful research? Do they include specific, accurate information? Do they appropriately explain their paired artifacts, it’s uses, and/or what it represents? • Overall Design • Is the overall design of your exhibit display thoughtful and creative? Is the display visually appealing? • Bibliography • Did you provide a list of sources from the materials you researched?

14. WWI EXAMPLE

15. Standards • WHG 4.2.1.- Growth of Islam and Dar al-Islam [A country, territory, land, or abode where Muslim sovereignty prevails] – Identify and explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the creation of the Islamic Empire including • The founding geographic extent of Muslim empires and the artistic, scientific, technological, and economic features of Muslim society. • WHG 5.3.1.-Ottoman Empire through the 18th Century – Analyze the major political, religious, economic, and cultural transformations in the Ottoman Empire by • using historical and modern maps to describe the empire’s origins (Turkic migrations), geographic • expansion, and contraction (National Geography Standard 13, p. 210) • analyzing the impact of the Ottoman rule • WHG 6.1.3- Increasing Global Interconnections – Describe increasing global interconnections between societies, through the emergence and spread of ideas, innovations, and commodities including.