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Biology

Biology. MACROMOLECULE NOTES SB1c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins,lipids, nucleic acids). Why are those elements in the periodic table important to us? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uy0m7jnyv6U. What is organic chemistry?.

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Biology

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  1. Biology MACROMOLECULE NOTES SB1c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins,lipids, nucleic acids) Why are those elements in the periodic table important to us? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uy0m7jnyv6U

  2. What is organic chemistry? The study of all compounds containing the element CARBON

  3. What elements make up 96% of the body? CARBON (C) HYDROGEN (H) NITROGEN (N) OXYGEN (O) PHOSPHORUS (P) Trace elements & minerals like iodine, iron, manganese What elements make up the other 4% of the body? This lady has goiter (enlargement of gland in neck) from lack of iodine which comes from salt.

  4. How do we get the essential elements and minerals we need for our body? • From the MACROMOLECULES in the FOOD that we eat. • All food is made up of large macromolecules (polymers) that are composed of smaller molecules (monomers). • These small molecules have the essential elements we need to be healthy. Bread contains starch- large polymer molecule Starch contains small monomer molecules of glucose

  5. How are the small molecules released from the food? • During digestion, these large molecules are broken down into the smaller molecules so they are small enough to enter the bloodstream & cells. Red blood cells

  6. What does the cell do with these small molecules? • Once inside the cell, these smaller molecules (monomers) are put together again to build cell parts or they are used to make or store energy. These are monomers After bonding occurs… The monomers form a polymer which can be used for energy storage or to build cell parts.

  7. The types of macromolecules: NUCLEIC ACIDS CARBOHYDRATES PROTEINS LIPIDS

  8. What is a CARBOHYDRATE? Starch (polysaccharide) • Made up of C, H, O • Monomer building block: monosaccharides (ex: glucose) • Function: Used as a main source of energy • Usually have “ose” at end of name (ex: glucose) • Types: • Monosaccharides- simple sugars • Quick source of energy • Ex: glucose- C6H12O6 • Polysaccharides- complex sugars • Many monosaccharides linked together • Stored energy so breaks down slower • Ex: starch- how plants store energy • Ex: glycogen- how animals store energy • Ex: cellulose- makes up plant cell walls Glucose (monosaccharide)

  9. 1. Made up mainly of C & H • Monomer building block: fatty acids • Function: Used for long term energy storage, insulation & protection, build cell membranes • Largest of the macromolecules • 5. EX: fats (triglyceride), oils, waxes (ear wax, wax on a leaf, waxy coating on insect) • 6. Saturated Fat: • usually solid at room temperature • comes from animals • 7. Unsaturated: • usually liquid at room temp. • comes from plants What is a Lipid?

  10. What is a PROTEIN? 1. Made up of N,C,H, O 2. Monomer building block: amino acids • Function: Proteins form: • Support structures- hair, muscles, cell membranes, skin • Speed up reactions- enzymes • Send messages- hormones • 20 different types of amino acids which can be arranged into numerous different proteins This is an amino acid

  11. What is a Nucleic Acid? 1. Made up of H,O,N,C & P 2. Monomer building block: Nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base) 3. Function: Used to store and transmit genetic information 4. Two types: DNA & RNA

  12. http://www.quia.com/cb/86263.html

  13. Which is NOT one of the elements that makes up 96% of body? • a. Carbon b. Oxygen c. Nitrogen d. Sulfur • 2. Which macromolecule is made up of amino acids? • a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. proteins • Carbohydrates and lipids are both important to animal cells b/c they • a. Store energy b. Insulate c. Make cell w alls • Starches & sugars are both examples of which macromolecules? • a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. proteins • The macromolecule that builds cell membranes, protects & insulates living things is • a. Protein b. Nucleic acid c. lipid • Which macromolecule stores genetic info? • Carbohydrates b. Lipids c. Nucleic acids

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