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Industrial Revolution. Chapters 21 and 22 Bell Starter: Open your book to page 631. Answer the questions under “Analyzing Visuals”. Chapter 21.1. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? How did industrialization cause a revolution in the production of textiles?
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Industrial Revolution Chapters 21 and 22 Bell Starter: Open your book to page 631. Answer the questions under “Analyzing Visuals”
Chapter 21.1 • Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? • How did industrialization cause a revolution in the production of textiles? • How did steam power the Industrial Revolution? • Where did industrialization spread beyond Great Britain?
Vocabulary Activity • Using your book and your mind fill out the worksheet with all of the vocabulary words and people from Chapter 21 • In your own words, and in less than a sentence, write a phrase to help you remember the person or term
GB • 1st to industrialize • British colonies • Factories began to be located near coal mines • At the beginning of the IR water was the most important natural resource • Lack of a central gov. in Germany cause the IR to be delayed in G
Railroads • The expansion of the railroads put many manufactured products in reach of most working-class people • Passengers could send telegrams to friends and family from railroad stations • By the 1860s, a 30,000 mi. network of tracks linked the major cities of the US • The Trans-Siberian Railroad is the longest railroad in the world.
Economy • US Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton argued that industrialization would help the young US gain economic independence from GB
Inventions • Electricity drastically changed industry and daily life more than any other technological advance of the late 1800s • Who invented the 1st steam powered locomotive? • Richard Trevithick • John Kay’s invention of the “flying shuttle” led to many weavers losing their jobs
Chapter 21.2 • How was production organized before factories? • What were factories and factory towns like? • How did the factory system affect workers? • What was mass production, and what were its effects?
Section 2 Activity • With a partner you are to create a column chart and write short descriptions of production, labor and family life before and after industrialization. Use pages 641 and 642 to help you fill in the chart.
Factory life • Factories changed the nature of labor, as industry moved from home factory • Mass production made putting together products and repairing machines much easier • British workers that joined unions or organized strikes were breaking the law • Factory system = Middle class grows • People in the MC now had time and $$ to spend on leisure
Manchester, England Open your book to page 642. You have already read the section titled “Life in Factory Towns”. • Using your chart and what you know, answer the following statement: • Name two problems caused by industrialization. • Industrialization hurt skilled craft workers by undercutting prices for their products • Sanitation • Pollution
Factory life • Who worked in the GB factories? • Why did factory owners hire children? • Open your books to page 652, in partners answer the 8 questions under “Reading like a Historian”
Chapter 21.3 • What new ideas about economics developed during the Industrial Revolution? • What competing economic ideas arose as a result? • How did the IR affect society?
Section 3 Activity • Using the information from Chapter 21.3, fill out the chart below:
Economic Views • Socialism- societal control of property and industry • Capitalism- increased wealth, fewer gov’t restrictions • Utopianism- poverty and social evils eliminated • Communism- workers control gov’t and economy • Laissez-faire:gov’t should allow free trade = prosperous economy • People who advocated social democracy wanted to move from capitalism to socialism by democratic means
Karl Marx • KM thought there should be a direct connection between one’s work and one’s pay • KM believed that communism was necessary as an intermediate state in the transition from capitalism to socialism • KM and Frederick Engels argued that capitalism would inevitably lead to poverty and a workers’ revolution
“Haves” bourgeoisie middle-class people who were the employers wealthy controlled the means of producing goods “Have-nots” proletariat working class poor performed the backbreaking labor under terrible conditions The Communist Manifesto: Human societies have always been divided into warring classes
Workers would overthrow the owners: “The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Workingmen of all countries, unite!”
Marx views on Capitalist System: • Capitalist system, which produced the IR, would eventually destroy itself: • factories would drive small artisans out of business --> small # of manufacturers to control wealth • large proletariat would revolt • workers would control the gov’tin a “dictatorship of the proletariat” • classless society develops
Lenin Mao Zedong Ho Chi Minh Fidel Castro China Vietnam Cuba Russia Influenced by Marx:
Chapter 22.1 • How did electric power affect industry and daily life? • What advances in transportation occurred during the Industrial Age? • What were the advances in communication and how were they achieved?
Inventions • The Model T was the first automobile that was made afforable for the average person • Telegraph: wires transmit a message • Journalism became a new career in the late 1880s because of + pop., +newspapers, and the telegraph • Besides personal communication, the telegraph was used to conduct business and pass news to far away places • Radio: uses air waves to transmit a message
Railroad • Bessemer Process-forcing air through molten metal to burn out carbon and other impurities that make metal brittle • Made steel stronger • Cheap and more efficient = Expanded the railroad system • Railroads = lower cost products and more choice
Chapter 22.2 • What were some of the new ideas in the sciences? • What medical breakthroughs affected the quality of life? • What new ideas developed within the social sciences?
Darwin • Physical anthropologist • Natural selection- creatures that are well adapted to their environments have a better chance of surviving to produce offspring • Creation ideas were controversial because it differed from the Church teachings
Louis Pasteur Sigmund Freud • Developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies • Discoveries helped Lister with ideas on antiseptic • Disproved that an atom is a solid piece of matter • Founder of psychoanalytic approach to psychology • Mental illness could be caused by repressed thoughts in the unconscious mind • Free association, dream interpretation Ernest Rutherford
Chapter 22.3 • How did cities grow and change in the late 1800s? • What developments affected education, leisure and the arts?
Daily Life • Skyscrapers= more living and working space in the cities • Romanticism- emphasizing intuition and feeling • Wordsworth: romantic spirit of poetry-“the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings form emotions recollected in tranquility” • Ibsen: wrote a play about the unfair treatment of women in the home • Public transportation = Growth of suburbs