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Islam

Islam. World’s second largest religion Third of the three major Abrahamic religions Followers known as Muslims Prophet Muhammad Monotheistic Submission to the will of God. Five Pillars of Islam.

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Islam

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  1. Islam • World’s second largest religion • Third of the three major Abrahamic religions • Followers known as Muslims • Prophet Muhammad • Monotheistic • Submission to the will of God

  2. Five Pillars of Islam :1. Creed (Shahadah): “There is no god but God. Muhammad is his messenger.2. Pray five times a day (Salah) 3. Charity (Zakat) 4. Fasting (Sawm) during Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage (Hajj)

  3. Other Core Beliefs • Allah • Muhammad • Angels • Judgement • Qadar • Iman & Ishan

  4. Holy Books • The Qur’an • Hadith

  5. Muslim Practices • Mosque • Imam • Jihad • Burqa

  6. Arabia Before Islam

  7. Arabia Before Islam • Nomadic Bedouin tribes • Largely arid • Towns and cities: eg. Mecca and Medina • Judaism; Christianity; animism

  8. Muhammad • Born in 570, orphaned at early age, brought up by his uncle • Worked as merchant, also shepherd • At 25, married Khadija • At 40 (610), receives first revelations • Developed following but persecuted in Mecca • Fled to Medina in 622 (Hijra) • Conquered Mecca in 630 • Died in 632

  9. The Caliphate • Caliph (successor) • Caliphate: Government of the Islamic community (Umma) • 632 – 661: The Four Rightly-Guided Caliphs

  10. Uthman’s caliphate was marked by opposition, chiefly lead by Egyptians and centred around Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law Ali. Uthman tried to negotiate to avoid civil war between Muslims, but was assassinated in his home. According to some Muslim sources, Ali was the only person born in the Kaaba sanctuary in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam, and was the first male to accept Muhammad’s message. Conflict between the supporters of Ali and of Uthman lead to the first bloodshed between Muslims. In 661, Ali was attacked one morning while worshipping in the mosque of Kufa (in Iraq), and died a few days later. Ali’s son came to a truce with rebel leader MuawiyahI, who established a new caliphate that was a hereditary dynasty, rather than an elected monarchy. The Spread Of Islam The Umayyad Caliphate lasted from 661–750. It was succeeded by the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258), which was ended when the Mongols invaded, and gave way to the Ottoman Empire (1299-1922), centered in Istanbul (aka Constantinople). The Empire was ended after World War One, when Turkey established itself as an independent nation.

  11. Muslim Denominations • Sunni & Shia

  12. Islam today • 1.6 billion followes • Largest Islamic country is Indonesia • Islamic revival since the 1970s

  13. Islamism • Sharia • Restoration of the Caliphate • Elimination of non-Islamic influences in the Islamic world • Salafism • Wahhabism • Jihadism

  14. Sharia • Moral code and religious law

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