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KINGDOM PROTISTA

KINGDOM PROTISTA. Chapter 21. Kingdom Characteristics. Eukaryotic Mostly unicellular—many multicellular Autotrophic, Heterotrophic, and both Cell wall may or may not be present. Evolutionary Importance.

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KINGDOM PROTISTA

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  1. KINGDOM PROTISTA Chapter 21

  2. Kingdom Characteristics • Eukaryotic • Mostly unicellular—many multicellular • Autotrophic, Heterotrophic, and both • Cell wall may or may not be present

  3. Evolutionary Importance • Protists are considered to be the ancestors of the three multicellular kingdoms—fungi, plant, animal

  4. Major Divisions of Protists Plant-like Protists (Algae) Animal-like Protists (Protozoans) Fungus-like Protists (Slime Molds)

  5. Plant-like Protists—Algae • Autotrophic • Contain cell walls • Some are mobile—many are immobile

  6. Kelp Volvox

  7. Green, Red, and Brown Algae • Cellular Organization: • Multicellular (Red and Brown) • Green algae can be either • Nutrition: • Photosynthetic (Autotrophic) • Locomotion: Non-motile • Habitat: • Red Algae: Marine Green Algae: Fresh, Marine, Soil Brown Algae: Marine • Classified by their pigment • Green, Red, or Brown (kelp) Algae • Used in many foods such as pudding, jelly, jelly beans, ice cream, marshmallows, salad dressing

  8. Dinoflagellates • Cellular Organization: • Unicellular • Nutrition: • Autotrophic • Locomotion: 2 Flagella • Habitat: • Fresh and Marine • Cause Red Tides

  9. Diatoms • Cellular Organization: • Unicellular • Nutrition: • Autotrophic • Locomotion: Non-motile • Habitat: • Fresh and Marine • Shells made out of silica (glass-like)

  10. Euglenoids • Cellular Organization: • Unicellular • Nutrition: • Heterotrophic/Autotrophic • Locomotion: 1 or 2 Flagella • Habitat: • Aquatic • Ex: Euglena

  11. Animal-like Protists--Protozoans • Heterotrophic • All are unicellular • None contain cell walls • Most can move • Cilia- hair-like projections • Flagella- whip-like tail • Pseudopod- “false foot” • Immobile ones are parasites

  12. Amoeba • No cell wall gives them flexibility • Cellular Organization: • Unicellular • Nutrition: • Heterotrophic • Locomotion: Pseudopods • Habitat: • Fresh and salt water • Some may cause disease (they are parasites)

  13. Foraminiferans (“Forams”) • Cellular Organization: • Unicellular • Nutrition: • Heterotrophic • Locomotion: Pseudopods • Habitat: • Salt water • Calcium Carbonate Shells

  14. Kinetoplastids (Flagellate) • Cellular Organization: • Unicellular • Nutrition: • Heterotrophic • Locomotion: flagella • Habitat: free living and parasitic • Ex: Trypanosomes causes African Sleeping Sickness

  15. Ciliates • Cellular Organization: • Unicellular • Nutrition: • Heterotrophic • Locomotion: cilia • Habitat: fresh water and marine • Ex: Paramecium, Vorticella and stentor

  16. Sporozoans • Cellular Organization: • Unicellular • Nutrition: • Heterotrophic • Locomotion: Non-motile • Habitat: parasitic • Ex: • Plasmodium-Malaria

  17. Fungus-like Protists—Slime Molds • Heterotrophic decomposers • Contain cell walls • Multicellular • Exist in different forms and produce spores • Reproduce by forming spores • 3 types: water molds, downy mildews, and slime molds

  18. Slime Molds • Cellular Organization: • Multicellular • Nutrition: • Heterotrophic • Locomotion: amoeboid movement • Habitat: cool, moist, shady places

  19. Water/Downy Molds • Cellular Organization: • Multicellular • Nutrition: • Heterotrophic (either parasites or feed on dead organic matter) • Locomotion: amoeboid movement • Habitat: cool, moist, shady places • Cause of the Irish potato famine in 1845-1850 that killed 1 million people

  20. Ecological Importance of Protists • Autotrophic protists are primary component of PHYTOPLANKTON • These organisms carry out 70 – 80% of the world’s photosynthesis • Phytoplankton and ZOOPLANKTON (heterotrophic protists) are the base of most of the world’s food chains

  21. Negative Contributions of Protists • Many cause disease • Malaria, sleeping sickness, amebic dysentery, etc. • Responsible for “Red Tide” that poisons shell fish • Algae blooms result in fish kills

  22. Concept Map Create a Concept Map of Kingdom Protista that includes the following information: Type of protist (animal, plant, or fungus-like) Cellular Organization Mode of Nutrition Mode of Movement Examples of each type of protist

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