Parts of a Sentence

1. Parts of a Sentence p. 629-648 Red Book

2. The Sentence • A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought • A thought is complete when it makes sense by itself. Frag: The graduation ceremony scheduled for June 20. Ex: The graduation ceremony is scheduled for June 20. Every sentence must have a verb!

3. The Subject and the Predicate • A sentence consists of two parts: the subject and the predicate. The subject tells whom or what the sentence is about. The predicate tells something about the subject. • The subject may come at the beginning, the end, or even in the middle of a sentence. • Some residents of the desert can survive a long drought. • Noteworthy is John Stewart. • How does Robert survive without a bottle of pop?

4. Subject and Predicate • The simple subject is the main word or group of words that tells whom or what the sentence is about. The complete subject is the main word with any modifiers. • A dog with this pedigree is usually nervous • Complete subject: A dog with this pedigree • Simple subject: dog • The TajMahal in India is one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. • Complete subject: The TajMahal in India • Simple subject: TajMahal

5. Subject and Predicate • The predicate tells something about the subject. • The simple predicate, or verb, is the main word or group of words in the complete predicate. • Spiders snare their prey in intricate webs. • Complete predicate: snare their prey in intricate webs • Simple predicate: snare • The simple predicate may be a single verb or a verb phrase. • Did Rosa find you? • Complete predicate: did find you • Simple predicate: did find

6. Subject and Predicate • She has been looking for you all morning • Complete predicate: has been looking for you all morning • Simple predicate: has been looking

7. Complements • A complement is a word or word group that completes the meaning of a predicate • Shewon. • (You) Look!) • Complements can be nouns, pronouns or adjectives, but they cannot be an adverb or a prepositional phrase. • Sentences require one or more complements to complete their meaning: • Georgia O’Keefe created paintings. • The college studentregistered as an independent.

8. Complements • That bookis an autobiography. • The complement, autobiography, completes the meaning of the sentence. • Both Ms. Callesonand Ms. Rasnakeareathletes. • Complements may be compound: • Ms. Carpenter writespoetry and short stories.

9. Complements • Complements can be found in both independent and dependent clauses: • Although sheappearedsluggish at the start, Ms. Lion won the race. • Mr. Braun is a guidance counselor whosolvesproblems. • Compliments are never in a prepositional phrase • Vickiquoted the poem. • Vickiquotedfrom the poem. (poem is a part of the phrase, from the poem)

10. Complements • An adverb modifying a verb is not a complement. Only nouns, pronouns, and adjectives serve as complements. • Lucy playshard. (hard is an adverb, not a complement) • These pearsarehard. (hard is an adjective, so it is a complement)

11. Direct Objects and Indirect Objects • A direct object is a noun or a pronoun that receives the action of the verb or shows the result of the action. • A D.O. tells whom or what after an action verb. • Imissyou. • SheeatsNutella. • A direct object may be compound. • The catfollowedMs. Lion and I home. • Sometimes, the D.O. can be placed before the subject and the verb: • What delicious chiliweate!

12. Direct Objects and Indirect Objects • An indirect object is a noun or pronoun that comes between an action verb and a direct object. • It tells to whom or to what (or for whomor for what) the action of the verb is done. • Oprahawardedaudience members a car. (awarded the car to whom? Audience members) • Isidro’s skateboard skills landedhim a sponsorship. (landed a sponsorship for whom? Isidro)

13. Direct Objects and Indirect Objects • An indirect object may be compound. • The travel agent gaveRoger and Rita their itinerary. • The commercialearnedshe and Inotoriety. • Don’t mistake an object of the preposition to or forfor an indirect object. • Indirect Object: Claire wrote me a letter. • Object of Prep: Claire wrote a letter to me. (Me is the object of the preposition to)

14. Objective Complements • An objective complement is a word or word group that helps complete the meaning of an action verb by identifying or modifying the direct object. • An objective complement may be a noun, pronoun, or an adjective. • My grandpa named Garrett a ghost in the night when he disappeared with a piece of celery. (The noun ghost –or more specificially the noun phrase “ghost in the night” identifies the DO Garrett) • My step-mother considers the Dairy Queen hers. (The possessive pronoun hers modifies the direct object Dairy Queen)

15. Objective Complements • Jody and I have painted the town red. (the adjective red modifies the direct object town) • Only a few action verbs take an objective complement. These verbs are: • Consider, make, and any verbs that can be replaced by consider or make such as call, keep, name, find, choose, elect, appoint, paint, color, and render. • My grandpa considers the Steelers to be exquisite. • He called them the best team in the league. (or considered them to be the best team) • The Supreme Court’s decision rendered public school segregation unlawful. (or made public school segregation unlawful)

16. Objective Complements • An objective complement may even be compound • My Uncle Mike elected Joe Flacco to be his quarterback and wide receiver in his fantasy football league. • The sauce cooking in the kitchen made the room aromatic and delightful.

17. Subject Complements • A subject complement is a word or word group that completes the meaning of a linking verb and identifies or modifies the subject. • The two kinds of subject complements are the predicate nominative and the predicate adjective.

18. Subject Complements • A predicate nominative is a noun or a pronoun that follows a linking verb and refers to the same person or thing as the subject of the verb. • Anne Lamott is my favorite author. (the noun author refers to the subject Anne Lamott) • Those people at the table are several of my relatives. (the pronoun several refers to the subject people) • A predicate nominative may be compound • My four favorite Steelers are Troy Polomalu, HeinzWard, Jerome Bettis, and Heath Miller. • The last people to get to dinner were Carla and Kyle.

19. Subject Complements • A predicate adjective is an adjective that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject of the verb. • Your imitation Jackie Onasis necklace is lovely. (lovely modifies the subject, necklace) • Does the greek yogurt smell sour? (sour modifies the subject yogurt)

20. Subject Complements • A predicate adjective may be compound • My grandma’s sauce is sweet and garlicy. • The fall air in Pennsylvania is cool and crisp. • I am tired, hungry, and grumpy. • For emphasis, a writer may place the subject complement before the subject and the verb. • PN: What an amazing coincidence that is!! (The noun coincidence refers to the subject that) • PA: Cruel and blue were the villian’s crafty eyes. (The adjectives cruel and blue modify the subject eyes)