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Exploring Atoms: The Building Blocks of Life

Discover the fundamental structure of atoms, ions, and molecules. Learn about their interactions and key features, including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Explore how atoms form elements and compounds, and delve into concepts like covalent and ionic bonding. Unravel the mysteries of atomic numbers, electron configurations, and neutron calculations. Engage with hands-on activities like drawing atoms and understanding ion formation. Uncover the fascinating world of atoms through engaging content and interactive learning.

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Exploring Atoms: The Building Blocks of Life

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  1. Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 5 Topic: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Essential Question: Define atom, and identify its main parts and their features. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Define atom, and identify its main parts and their features. Key Concept: All living things are based on atoms and their interactions Key Vocabulary: Atom Proton/Neuton/Electron Element GET OUT: SYLLABUS LAB SAFETY CONTRACT

  2. P. 4

  3. Top of P.4 • How can this plant digest a frog? • If plants can make their own food through photosynthesis, hypothesize why would a plant species evolve a mechanism to capture and eat animals? Please open to Pg. 35 in the textbook and read the paragraph in white font for your answer… Not EVERYTHING a plant needs is supplied by photosynthesis • Most plants absorb additional nutrients form the soil such as nitrogen and phosphorus • Venus fly traps live in swampy areas that have nitrogen poor soil, so they get this needed nitrogen by digesting animals

  4. Venus Fly Trap

  5. KEY CONCEPTAll living things are based on atoms and their interactions.

  6. An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter. Please draw and label an atom in the middle section of pg. 4 energy level

  7. Fun Fact • It would take you over 1,000,000,000,000 (1 Trillion) years to count the number of atoms in a single grain of sand

  8. Although there is a huge variety of matter on Earth, all atoms share the same basic structure… • Protons- in the nucleus, Positively charged (+) • Neutrons-in the nucleus, Neutrally charged (no charge) • Electrons-much smaller particles on the outside of the nucleus on the energy level, Negatively charged (-) Energy Level

  9. Oxygen atom (O) outermost energy level: 6 electrons (-) Nucleus:8 protons (+)8 neutrons inner energy level: 2 electrons (-) Energy levels: Electrons are located here. The inner level holds a maximum of 2 electrons. Energy Levels

  10. Bill Nye Part I- Atoms 6m36s

  11. An element is one or more atoms of the same type. • cannot be broken down into simpler substances • Can be put together to make compounds or molecules • The atomic # (aka proton #) never varies! • Ex: Only Gold has 79 protons, Only Hydrogen has 1 proton gold aluminum

  12. What do you notice about these elements’ proton numbers and electron numbers? 26 P 26 E 30 N Iron 50 P 50 E 69 N Tin 79 P 79 E 118 N Gold Proton # = Electron# 13 P 13 E 14 N Aluminum

  13. electrically neutral!!!! Atoms have equal numbers of +P and –E so they are... +79 + (-79) = ??? Gold +79 + (-79) = 0 79 P 79 E 118 N +P# = -E # = NEUTRAL!!!!!

  14. How to read the Periodic Table of the Elements

  15. Atomic # = Proton # = Electron # How to read the Periodic Table of the Elements All the same #!!!!!

  16. How to read the Periodic Table of the Elements • Electron Configuration allows us to know how many electrons are in each energy level • 6 energy levels • 1st=2 • 2nd=8 • 3rd= 18 • 4th= 32 • 5th=18 • 6th= 1 2+8+18+32+18+1= 79E

  17. How to find the Proton, Electron, and Neutron # for any element Atomic # Element’s Symbol Element Name Atomic Mass • Number of Protons = Atomic # • Number of Electrons = #of Protons = Atomic # • Number of Neutrons = Mass # (rounded up) - Atomic # 79 79 197 - 79 =118

  18. Create Your Own Atom (P#/E#/N#) bottom P.4 Mass (rounded up)-Atomic #= Neutron #

  19. 2 8 3 Draw an aluminum atom with protons, neutrons and electrons color coded • Protons • Neutrons • Electrons 26.9815386 Neutron # = Atomic mass (rounded up) – the atomic #

  20. Draw a Aluminum Atom • Protons: 13 • Neutrons: 14 (27-13= 14) • Electrons: 13

  21. Bill Nye Part II- Elements 9m35s

  22. Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 7 Topic: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Essential Question: How do ions form? Compare Ionic and Covalent bonding. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules How do Ions form? Compare Ionic and covalent bonding. Key Vocabulary: Ion Ionic bond Covalent bond Molecule

  23. Ion Formation P.6 Covalent Bond Ionic Bond EQ

  24. Q: Because all atoms are made of the same types of particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons), what difference among atoms makes one element different from other elements? Aluminum Iron Tin A: The number of protons in the nucleus!!!!

  25. _ O H H + + • A compound is made of 2 or more different elementsbonded together in a certain ratio. Ex: H20 • water (H2O) • Carbon dioxide (CO2) Draw mini picture

  26. A molecule is two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. • All compounds are molecules • NOT all molecules are compounds covalent covalent • Ex: O2 • Molecule only • Compound and molecule Hydrogen O O • Ex: H2O

  27. An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons (-). An ion forms because an atom is more stable when its outermost energy level is full. - +

  28. - Positive Ions: • Mostly empty outer energy levels= lose those electrons • Become POSITIVELY charged ion Negative Ions: • Nearly full outer energy level =gain electrons • Become a NEGATIVELY charged ion Energy level

  29. Please draw and Label on the top 1/3 of pg. 6 IONS 11P 17P + - • 11P (+) • 10E (-) • 17P (+) • 18E (-)

  30. Hydrogen: neutral Fluorine: needs one electron to fill its outer energy level Fluorine: “steals” an electron from Hydrogen. Becomes a negatively charged ion Hydrogen: becomes a positively charged ion

  31. Understanding how an ion forms ionic bonds and covalent bonds is important because ions play large roles in organisms. • They are important in all biological processes. A few examples are: • They play a role in muscle contraction and cell shape • Chloride (Cl-) is a chemical the human body needs for metabolism (the process of turning food into energy) • Calcium ions (Ca2+) are necessary for every muscle movement in your body

  32. Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions. Dissolve in H2O. Draw in the middle section of pg. 6 “Opposites Attract!!!!” Now we have salt!!!!

  33. covalent bonds • Share electrons in outer energy level • Can have multiple bonds • Strong bonds covalent covalent Draw in the middle section of pg. 6 H2O Aka Water! Hydrogen

  34. Ionic and Covalent Bonding

  35. On the bottom of pg. 6 create a double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds. Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Pg. 38-39 in book

  36. Double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds Bonds ions Form between oppositely charged ions Share electrons bonding Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds atoms Dissolve in H2O Strong Bond

  37. Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 9 Topic: Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds Essential Question: None  2.1 Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds

  38. Draw the atom that is described below. Remember what you have learned about where each one of the particles are located in an atom. Use red for protons, black for neutrons, and blue for electrons. • 1. Nitrogen: • Protons: 7 • Neutrons: 7 • Electrons: 7

  39. Pg. 36-39 in book Elements Metals: #s Nonmetals:#s Metalloids: #s 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Draw an Atom 1. 2. 3. Atoms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. (picture) Ductile: able to deform without breaking Brittle: hard, but easy to shatter Malleable: able to be hammered into another permanent shape without breaking Molecules 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. (picture) (picture) (picture) (picture) P. 9 P. 8

  40. Classwork • Complete “Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds” worksheet • DO NOT complete “Compound” portion (last pg.) • When you are done you are to work on your Eqs for 2.1 • Cornell Questions (4-6) for each day of 2.1

  41. Draw an Atom • 1. Hydrogen • 2. Carbon • 3. Oxygen

  42. Atoms • 1. True • 2. False- Electrons are negatively charged • 3. True • 4. False- Neutrons are neutrally charged • 5. False- # of protons does not = the # of electrons • 6. Helium • 7. Carbon • 8. A compound must at least 2 different elements bonded together, where a molecule is any 2 or more atoms bonded together

  43. Elements • Metals: 1 3 6 7 • Nonmetals: 2 4 9 • Metalloids: 5 8 10 • 11. element • 12. atomic # • 13. protons • 14. below • 15. mass • 16. neutrons • 17. nucleus • 18. location • 19. nitrogen • 20. N • 21. 7 • 22. 14.0 • 23. 7 • 24. 7 14= 7 + ___ Mass #= P# + N#

  44. Molecules • 11. 2 Hydrogen, 1 Sulfur, 4 Oxy • 12. 1 Carbon, 4 Hydrogen • 13. 6 Carbon, 12 Hydro, 6 Oxy • 14. 2 Carbon, 4 Hydro, 2 Oxy • 15. 6 Carbon, 8 Hydro, 7 Oxy • 16. 2 Carbon, 6 Hydro, 1 Oxy • 17. 3 Hydro, 1 phosphorus, 4 Oxy • 18. 1 Silicon, 1 Oxygen • 1. molecules • 2. molecules • 3. compounds • 4. molecules • 5. compounds • 6. compounds • 7. molecules • 8. compounds • 9. 2 Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen • 10. 2 Nitrogen, 1 Oxygen

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