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Chapter 23 Interior Walls & Partitions

Chapter 23 Interior Walls & Partitions. Interior Partitions. Performance Criteria Strength Fire Resistance Durability Acoustical Isolation Materials Metal or wood studs faced with plaster or gypsum board Concrete block (CMU) or structural clay tiles. Types of Interior Partitions.

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Chapter 23 Interior Walls & Partitions

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  1. Chapter 23Interior Walls & Partitions

  2. Interior Partitions • Performance Criteria • Strength • Fire Resistance • Durability • Acoustical Isolation • Materials • Metal or wood studs faced with plaster or gypsum board • Concrete block (CMU) or structural clay tiles

  3. Types of Interior Partitions • Fire Walls • Shaft Walls • Fire-Rated Walls • Smoke Barriers • “Other” Non-bearing and/or non-rated

  4. Elements common toFire Walls, Shaft Walls, Rated Walls & Smoke Walls • Wall Assembly is tested(often by UL) • Materials (type, size, composition, etc.) • Installation(method, application, anchorage, etc) • Actual construction must comply • Extend from rated assembly to rated assembly • Wall Penetrations are Restricted • Opening size, material used, installation, operation • Opening assembly also rated • EX: fire dampers, pipe selves, door closures, etc.

  5. Fire Walls • Restricts the Spread of Fire (area to area) • Extends from Foundation through Roof • Must abut a non-combustible roof , or • Extend above the roof (generally 32”) • Divide the Building into “smaller units” • Each unit considered a separate blg for code • EX: Wood framed apartment complex

  6. Fire wall

  7. Shaft Walls • Enclose multi-story openings • Elevators, stairways, mechanical chases • Composition - masonry, plaster or drywall • Typically: • Higher fire rating (2hr+) • Restricting floor-to-floor fire migration • Primary means of egress (exit for blg.) • Gypsum Shaft wall Advantages • Lighter, installed dry • Can be erected from floor outside the shaft C-H Stud 1” Gypsumshaftwallpanel Typically 1/2” or 5/8”

  8. Shaftwall Construction In an Elevator Shaft

  9. Stairway Gypsum Shaftwall Construction in a stairwell

  10. Fire-Rated Walls • Restrict the spread of fire in an area (typ. 1-2 hr) • May not extend from foundation to roof, but must • Be floor to floor (or floor to fire-rated assembly) • Fire-rated Walls Separate: • Mixed occupancies/use or tenant spaces • Dwelling units • Guest rooms in hotels, dormitories, hospitals, etc. • Enclose stairways & exit corridors • Composition; typically metal framing with multiple layers of drywall

  11. Fire Rated • Assemblies • Often tested by UL • Construction must • “match” UL assembly • (excerpt from UL book)

  12. (excerpt from UL book)

  13. Smoke Barriers • Protect occupants from smoke (the #1 killer) • Continuous, air -tight assembly • Openings - self-closing doors (rated) • Typically - Fire Walls also qualify as smoke barriers

  14. “Smoke” caulking @ MPE penetrations

  15. Partition Framing • Wood or Metal framing • Wood • Use limited by the building codes • Fire treated wood - expensive • Metal Framing • Typically cold-formed metal studs • Most UL assemblies use metal studs • Commercial work - almost exclusively

  16. Plaster • Generic term - Cementitious substances (w/ or w/o gypsum) • Plaster Systems • Over Expanded Metal Lath (3-coat) • Scratch coat - cover lath • Brown coat - add thickness, smooth base • Finish Coat • Applied to CMU (lath or bonding agent) • Veneer Plaster - thin coat over a gypsum board base • Stucco - similar, but accessories must resist the elements

  17. Plaster • Wet System • Relatively expensive system • Typical uses • Spaces with High Moisture • Surfaces where Impact Resistance is req’d

  18. Gypsum Board • Gypsum: • Major component of many building interiors • Advantages • In comparison w/ alternatives -durable and light • Resists passage of sound • Inexpensive • Highly fire resistant • Disadvantage - soluble in water • Gypsum Board • Form of most gypsum used

  19. Gypsum Board • Names: Gypsum wallboard, plasterboard, drywall • Sizes: • 4’ x 8’ to 14’ • 1/4” to 1” thick • Types • Regular • Water Resistant • Type X (rated assemblies) • Foil-backed (acts as VB) • Coreboard (1’ thick) • Others

  20. Gypsum Board Tapered Edges (most common) Allows joints to be “finished” (concealed) • Edges:

  21. Gypsum Board Installation • Install partition framing • MPE partition rough-in • Hang gypsum drywall (screws, ring-shank nails) • Finish gypsum drywall joints, edges, & corners • corner beads, metal trim, and accessories • Tape (& bed)- 1st coat & tape • 2nd coat • Finish - 3rd/final coat (may require sanding 1st) • Sand

  22. Corner Beads Crimped “Crimped” Screwed Nailed Nailed

  23. Tape & Bed Coat

  24. Second Coat

  25. Application

  26. Sanding

  27. Joint Compound Joint ‘Tape’ ‘Stilts’

  28. Gypsum Products & Sustainability • Gypsum: not renewable, but plentiful • Gypsum mined – habitat & overburden issues • Synthetic gypsum – from recycled materials • Embodied energy is low • Gypsum paper face mostly recycled material • Approx. 10% is waste – large % to a landfill • Gypsum dust; nuisance & discomfort • Gypsum products have extremely low emissions

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