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The East Asian World in the 15 th and 16 th Cen

The East Asian World in the 15 th and 16 th Cen. China. Background. 1368 peasant rebellion under Zhu Yuanzhing Founded Ming Dynasty. Contact w/ West. 1514 Portuguese fleet arrives in China First direct contact since Marco Polo Macao Direct trade limited

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The East Asian World in the 15 th and 16 th Cen

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  1. The East Asian World in the 15th and 16thCen

  2. China

  3. Background • 1368 peasant rebellion under Zhu Yuanzhing • Founded Ming Dynasty

  4. Contact w/ West • 1514 Portuguese fleet arrives in China • First direct contact since Marco Polo • Macao • Direct trade limited • Became involved in regional trade network • Christian missionaries • Jesuits • European inventions

  5. Decline of Ming • Weak rulers • Peasant rebellions • Tribal unrest • Inflow of foreign silver • Little ice age • Official corruption

  6. From Ming to Qing • Peasant revolt 17th cen • Li Zicheng led • Unable to hold conquest • Manchu conquered • Declared Qing Dynasty

  7. Qing • Ruthless policies • pacified the country • Fixed social and economic problems • Restored peace • Adopted Chinese political system • Gradually accepted as rulers by Chinese

  8. Qing Rulers • Kangxi (1661- 1722) • Tolerant of Christians • Court officials converted • Qian Long • Corruption and unrest • High taxes • White Lotus Rebellion (1796- 1804)

  9. Qing Politics • Manchu adapt to new environment • Ming political system • Confucian principles • Dyarchy • Important positions shared equally by Chinese and Manchus

  10. Eve of the Western onslaught • Russian into Manchuria for furs • Refused to kowtow • Treaty of Nerchinsk, 1689 • English • Canton 1699 • demanded access • Uneven balance of trade • 1793 Mission lord MacCartney • Chinese no interest in British products

  11. Changing China • Late Ming early Qing pop increase • 1390- 70-80 million • 1800- 300 million • Long period of peace • New American crops • fast growing rice • Pop pressure • Seeds of industrialization • growth of manufacturing and commerce • Commercial networks • Political and social prejudices

  12. Daily Life in China • Family • Joint family- 3 or 4 generations under 1 roof • Arranged marriages • Filial piety • The clan • Land for use by poor in clan • Help pay for education • Role of women • Inferior to men • Female children less desirable • Strong role in family • Cultural development • Chinese novel • Art

  13. Tokugawa Japan

  14. Three great Unifiers • Oda Nobunaga (1568-1582) • Attempted to consolidate rule • Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1582-1598) • Took all lands • Reassigned to local daimyos’ who declared allegiance • Tokugawa ieyasu (1598-1616) • Restored central authority • Family remained in power until 1868

  15. Opening to the West • Unification simultaneous w/ arrival of Portuguese in 1543 • Wanted western goods • Christianity • prohibited foreign trade • One Dutch ship into Nagasaki a year • Forbid Japanese from leaving island

  16. The Great Peace • Bakufu • Daimyo autonomous • Family hostages in capital city • Gov’t turned to bureaucracy • Capitalism • Local trade • Banking and paper money • City culture • Land problems • Taxes • Peasant revolts • Ronin

  17. Role of Women • Obey husbands • Concubines • Arranged marriages • Valued as child bearers • Worked in fields w/ men • Co education • Floating world

  18. Korea • Yi dynasty • Chinese model • New capital: Seoul • Tributary relationship with China • Stayed untouched by Manchu invasion in China • Little Christianity • 18thcencatholics arrived • People • Yangban • Aristocrats in civilian an military • Peasants in serf like conditions • Culture • Phonetic alphabet

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